Table 1 General characteristics of the participants. For the analyses perceived health was categorized into excellent vs. good/fair/poor, health-related symptoms were categorized into once a week/daily vs. once a month/seldom/never and sport club participation was categorized into never/sometimes vs. regularly

Height, cm (SD)

138.6 (9.6)

136.3 (7.3)

151.5 (8.2)

154.2 (8.5)

164.0 (9.1)

160.0 (6.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.240

missing (n)

24

21

15

26

7

5

Weight, kg (SD)

33.4 (7.1)

32.5 (7.2)

42.8 (10.3)

45.0 (10.1)

56.5 (15.3)

52.9 (9.1)

<0.001

<0.001

0.168

missing (n)

24

21

15

26

7

5

BMI, kg/m² (SD)

17.3 (2.4)

17.3 (2.7)

18.5 (3.2)

18.8 (3.1)

20.7 (4.0)

20.5 (3.0)

<0.001

<0.001

0.227

missing (n)

24

21

15

26

7

5

Perceived health, %

excellent

72.4

73.9

59.1

54.9

50.0

19.4

0.002

<0.001

0.160

good

27.1

26.1

38.4

40.8

42.9

74.2

fair

0.5

0

2.4

2.9

7.1

6.5

poor

0

0

0

1.5

0

0

missing (n)

14

15

10

6

3

6

p-value***

0.003

<0.001

0.034

0.024

0.082

<0.001

effect size^a

0.15

0.24

0.11

0.11

0.09

0.24

Neck and shoulder pain, %

seldom/never

87.4

86.9

69.5

60.5

60.7

58.1

0.021

<0.001

0.024

once a month

10.5

11.4

23.2

25.4

32.1

29.0

once a week

2.1

1.1

4.3

12.2

3.6

12.9

nearly daily

0

0.6

3.0

2.0

3.6

0

missing (n)

15

15

10

7

3

6

p-value***

0.016

<0.001

0.036

<0.001

0.536

0.393

effect size^a

0.12

0.22

0.11

0.19

0.03

0.04

Low back pain, %

seldom/never

93.7

94.9

83.5

79.5

82.1

67.7

0.102

0.226

0.261

once a month

5.2

2.8

14.6

16.6

7.1

25.8

once a week

1.0

2.3

1.2

3.4

3.6

3.2

nearly daily

0

0

0.6

0.5

7.1

3.2

missing (n)

15

15

10

7

3

6

p-value***

0.155

0.276

0.759

0.574

0.001

0.329

effect size^a

0.07

0.05

0.002

0.003

0.17

0.05

Stomach pain, %

seldom/never

69.1

63.6

71.0

60.2

71.4

35.5

0.352

0.920

0.016

once a month

26.7

26.7

24.1

30.6

17.9

54.8

once a week

4.2

8.0

3.7

8.3

7.1

9.7

nearly daily

0

1.7

1.2

1.0

3.6

0

missing (n)

15

15

12

6

3

6

p-value***

0.473

0.897

0.970

0.879

0.148

0.963

effect size^a

0.04

0.01

0.00

0.01

0.07

0.00

Headache, %

seldom/never

66.1

66.9

50.9

48.1

35.7

32.3

0.003

0.004

0.319

once a month

25.5

23.4

33.1

32.5

35.7

45.2

once a week

7.8

8.6

14.1

15.0

28.6

16.1

nearly daily

0.5

1.1

1.8

4.4

0

6.5

missing (n)

14

16

11

6

3

6

p-value***

0.006

0.005

0.148

0.030

0.011

0.260

effect size^a

0.14

0.14

0.07

0.11

0.13

0.06

Tiredness, %

seldom/never

67.0

76.1

61.5

60.7

50.0

51.6

0.173

0.028

0.643

once a month

23.0

15.3

29.8

25.7

17.9

25.8

once a week

9.4

5.7

8.7

11.2

28.6

19.4

nearly daily

0.5

2.8

0

2.4

3.6

3.2

missing (n)

15

15

13

6

3

6

p-value***

0.490

0.05

0.209

0.356

<0.001

0.063

effect size^a

0.04

0.10

0.06

0.05

0.19

0.09

PA recommendation met, %

yes

37.4

39.8

37.9

25.5

25.8

10.8

0.559

<0.001

0.052

(≥60 min MVPA per day)

p-value***

0.788

<0.001

0.668

0.029

0.189

0.007

effect size^a

0.01

0.18

0.02

0.10

0.07

0.13

Sport club participation, %

never

17.5

23.6

25.5

24.0

35.7

33.3

0001

0.073

0.573

sometimes

4.6

4.5

10.9

7.8

7.1

16.7

regularly

77.8

71.9

63.6

68.1

57.1

50.0

missing (n)

12

13

9

8

3

7

p-value***

0.001

0.187

0.014

0.894

0.114

0.024

effect size^a

0.17

0.07

0.13

0.01

0.08

0.11