Reference | Study Population | Study Designa | Outcome measuresa | Key findingsa |
---|---|---|---|---|
Melanesia | ||||
Fiji | ||||
Kuster et al. [45] | Ono-i-Lau Island 30 senior heads of households in 1982 59 households in 2002 | Cross sectional | Mean weekly household income and fish yield per capital. Daily fish intake per capita (g) and contribution of marine sources to protein intake. | Total annual landings of finfish decreased by 27Â % from 1982 to 2002 No significant change in yield of finfish per capita of population (96.9Â kg per capita/year in 1982 to 93.7Â kg capita/year in 2002) Seafood remained the main source of protein between 1982 and 2002. Consumption of canned fish increased from 9Â g/man/day to 19Â g/man/day |
Middlebrook & Williamson [61] | Ucunivanua and Namatakula, Island of Viti Levu 40 heads of households | Cross sectional Self administered household questionnaires | Household income, source of income and household fishing activity | Ucunivanua: Mean monthly household income of FJ$ 411.75 ± 73.51 (SD). Income generated through fishing activities (75 %), with 20 % from farming and 5 % from wage-paid jobs. Namatakula: Mean monthly household income of FJ$ 432.25 ± 54.65 (SD) a month. Income generated through wage-paid work (80 %), with 10 % from fishing and 10 % from personal business. |
O’Garra [60] | Navakavu fishing grounds, Rewa, 118 heads of households 86 adult individuals (aged >21 years) | Cross sectional household and individual questionnaires | Socio-demographic characteristics of household, household livelihood activities and household fishing activities | Mean annual household income was FJ$ 2921. 88.1 % of households engaged in fishing, 76.3 % in growing crops and/or gleaning. The livelihood that generated the most cash and food overall was salaried work in Suva (32 % households) followed by fishing (27 %) and gleaning (20 %). |
Turner et al. [42] | Lau Province, 25 experienced local fishers 53 senior heads of households | Cross sectional Semi structured face-to-face interviews | Time spent fishing, importance of fishing for income generation, patterns of fish consumption and awareness of ecological change within the local qoliqoli (fishing ground) | No significant change in overall time spent fishing in the past 6–10 years. Income-generating activities had increased in importance over previous10 years relative to fishing activities Consumption of fresh fish was significantly lower compared to estimates of past consumption (Z = −3.774, p < 0.001). Greatest decline in fish consumption was associated with highest mean household income. Of the 80–100 % of households that engaged in fishing, only 7 % of households ranked fishing as the primary household occupation. |
Solomon Islands | ||||
Albert et al. [64] | Western Province and Guadalcanal Province Households in four villages with Fishing Aggregating devices (FADs) | Cross sectional monitoring of fishing activities key informant interviews | Annual fish catch and contribution of FAD to fish catch Benefits and negative aspects of the FAD at the household and community level | Near shore FADs contributed 31–45 % of the total annual catch (mean 7500kgs). Perceived benefits from the FADs included: provided a source of family income, improved nutrition, more fish available for community events. The negative aspect of FADs was a reduced contribution of fishers to household activities due to increased time spent fishing |
Papua New Guinea | ||||
Cinner et al. [63] | Ahus Island 51 households representatives | Cross sectional Face-to-face interviews | Percent of households engaged in fishing and importance of fishing relative to other livelihood activities | >96Â % of households were engaged in fishing and >76Â % ranked fishing as their primary occupation. Due to the remoteness of the Island participants reported few opportunities to engage in other economic sectors. |
Polynesia | ||||
French Polynesia | ||||
Walker & Robinson [62] | Moorea 70 females and males (aged 18–84 years) | Cross sectional interviews with open-ended, semi-structured and structured questions | Fishing activities including subsistence and commercial activities | 60 % of participants fished on average 2 days per week; 10 % did not fish at all. 56 % of participants reported dependence on lagoon fishing for at least half of their food and/or cash income. 19 % ofparticipants considered themselves commercial fishers and 41 % subsistence fishers |
Kingdom of Tonga | ||||
Kronen & Bender [43] | Lofanga Island Individual adults (>15Â years), households, key informants, 41 local fisherman | Mixed methods Households and individuals: structured questionnaires. Key informant interviews Fishermen: Semi-structured interviews | a) Fishing practices including contribution of fish to livelihood and weekly fish consumption through | Fisheries, agricultural production and handicrafts all contributed to income generation. Fisheries ranked higher than agriculture and handicrafts. Fisheries filled three main objectives: to secure subsistence, fulfil social obligations and contribute to the cash economy. Fishbwas consumed by entire community. 93Â % of village also consume other seafood and 78Â % consume canned fish. |
Micronesia | ||||
Federated States of Micronesia | ||||
Corsi et al. [37] | 293 females aged 15–64 years located in Ponhpei | Cross sectional study: 27-item, 7-day FFQ Knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire | Fish and meat consumption Cash expenditure on food; factors affecting food intake | 79 % of participants reported frequent consumption of local fish/seafood. Local fish/seafood was consumed twice as frequently (4.8 days/week) compared to imported fish/seafood (2.4 days/week). Imported meats such as turkey tail were consumed more frequently 1.9 days/week) than local meats (1.3 days/week).8 % of participants reported their household relied on farming and fishing for their primary income 6 % relied on fishing alone. Household food expenditure for 77 % of participants was half or more of their monthly income 52 % of participants purchased local food for half or more than half of a month. Consuming imported food was regarded as a sign of wealth and status by participants |