Table 3 Frequencies of items based on constructs of the HBM by sex

Perceived Susceptibility to IA

52.71

33.96

13.33

53.82

35.33

10.85

53.21

34.59

12.20

Perceived Severity of IA

26.02

23.25

50.73

18.81

21.95

59.24

22.66

22.65

54.69

Perceived Barriers (reducing Internet use)

 Reduced communication with your friends

52.09

18.87

29.04

50.43

15.83

33.74

51.31

17.44

31.25

 Feeling lost

54.13

22.17

23.71

55.32

21.41

23.27

54.65

21.80

23.54

 Feeling bored

48.26

19.60

32.14

47.00

16.90

36.10

47.64

18.33

34.03

 Feeling old fashion

54.13

21.08

24.79

47.59

20.38

32.03

51.02

20.73

28.25

At least one of above = “agree”

N.A.

N.A.

50.97

N.A.

N.A.

57.48

N.A.

N.A.

54.07

Perceived Social Benefits (Internet use)

 To keep in touch with friends

28.17

39.41

32.42

29.05

36.03

34.92

28.52

37.84

33.63

 To meet new friends

60.71

27.46

11.83

67.70

21.00

11.31

63.97

24.46

11.57

 Someone who helps solving problems

37.36

39.00

23.65

43.70

38.49

17.81

40.24

38.80

20.96

 Someone who gives advices

33.98

34.18

31.85

37.19

35.17

27.64

35.46

34.61

29.93

 Someone to talk to

32.38

35.72

31.90

33.51

32.94

33.55

32.85

34.50

32.64

At least one of above = “agree”

N.A.

N.A.

58.42

N.A.

N.A.

58.78

N.A.

N.A.

58.65

Cue to Action (reducing Internet use)

 Reminded by parents

34.33

18.47

47.19

45.50

16.26

38.24

39.45

17.43

43.12

 Reminded by teachers/social workers

54.11

32.93

12.96

65.58

26.68

7.73

59.35

30.06

10.59

Perceived Self-efficacy (reducing Internet use)

 Confidence to reduce Internet use

17.72

29.95

52.33

11.99

29.41

58.60

15.06

29.71

55.23

 Difficulty to reduce Internet use

53.54

27.40

19.06

58.55

25.36

16.08

55.87

26.40

17.72