Table 4 Components and characteristics of school gardening interventions included in this review
First author (year) Multiple studies about the same intervention are grouped together. | Name of school gardening intervention | Gardening component | Cooking as key component | Nutrition education component | Integrated with wider curriculum | Produce used in school catering | Outdoors some or all of the time | Delivered by specialists | Delivered by teachers | Teachers trained by specialists | Community involvement | Theory-led intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed (2011) [40] | No name (school garden program founded to prevent nutrition-related illness) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Alexander (1995) [41] | Master Gardeners’ Classroom Garden Project | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Anderson (2011) | Hyrdoponic gardening system | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Block (2012) [24] Block (2009) [25] Gibbs (2013) [26] Henryks (2011) [47] Townsend (2014) [43] | Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Bowker (2007) [44] | Gardens for Life | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Brouwer (2013) [21] | Watch Me Grow | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Chawla (2014) [11] | No name (four different gardening programs at four high schools) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Chiumento (2012) [12] | Haven of Greenspace (social and therapeutic horticulture) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Christian (2014) (1), [9] Christian (2014) (2) [10] Passy (2010) [50] | Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Campaign for School Gardening | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Cotter (2013) [22] | Aromas school gardening club | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Cotugna (2012) [27] | Gardening education program | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Cutter-Macenzie (2009) [45] | Multicultural School Gardens Program | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Davis (2011) [28] Gatto (2012) [29] | LA Sprouts | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Hazzard (2011) [46] | California Instructional School Garden Program | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Jaenke (2012) [15] Morgan (2010) [30] | How do you grow?/How does your garden grow? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
Lakin (2008) [48] | Health Promoting Schools: Gloucestershire Food Strategy | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
McAleese (2007) [16] | Nutrition in the garden | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Meinen (2012) [31] | Youth gardening program: Got Dirt? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Miller (2007) [49] | Dimensions outdoor classroom including garden and greenhouse areas | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Ming Wei (2012) [13] | The Discovery Garden | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Morris (2001) [32] Morris (2002) (1) [33] Morris (2002) (2) [34] | No name (nutrition education plus gardening) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
O’Brien (2006) [35] | No name (based on Junior Master Gardener) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Parmer (2009) [37] Parmer (2007) [36] | No name (based on Pyramid Café/Health and Nutrition from the Garden) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Ratcliffe (2011) [38] | No name (garden-based learning activities) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Robinson (2005) [39] | No name (school gardening curriculum) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Somerset (2005) [51] | No name (schools with vegetable gardens) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Viola (2006) [52] | Outreach School Garden Project | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
Waliczek (2001) [17] | Project GREEN school garden program | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Wells (2014) [23] | Healthy Gardens, Healthy Youth | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |