Table 3 Impact of baseline externalizing behavioural problems, extracurricular activities, family, and school factors on externalizing behavioural problems

Model 1

Extracurricular Activity

 Sport (yes)

-.13^*

.05

.87

.78–.97

-.34^**

.12

.71

.56–.91

.21^**

.07

1.2

1.1–.1.4

 Expressive (yes)

-.41^***

.11

.66

.54–.82

-.23^***

.06

.80

.70–.90

-.23^***

.06

.79

.70–.88

 Religious club (yes)

-.21^***

.06

.81

.72–.92

-.25^*

.12

.78

.61–.99

-.18^*

.08

.83

.71–.98

-.15^*

.07

.86

.75–.99

 Youth club (yes)

-.02

.10

.98

.80–1.2

.09

.07

1.1

.96–1.2

 Parent Status (single)

.37^***

.06

1.4

1.3–1.6

.40^***

.11

1.5

1.2–1.8

.16^*

.08

1.2

1.0–1.4

.21^**

.07

1.2

1.1–1.4

 Siblings – none

  1/2 siblings

-.01

.13

.99

.77–1.3

.02

.09

1.0

.86–1.2

-.03

.08

.97

.84–1.1

  3+ siblings

.25

.16

1.3

.94–1.7

.17

.11

1.2

.95–1.5

.23^*

.10

1.3

1.0–1.5

 Parent-adolescent relationship (bad)

.54^***

.07

1.7

1.5–2.0

1.0^***

.13

2.7

2.1–3.5

.56^***

.10

1.7

1.4–2.1

.52^***

.09

1.7

1.4–2.0

 Level involvement

.12^*

.04

1.1

1.1–1.2

.48^***

.07

1.6

1.4–1.8

.15^***

.05

1.2

1.1–1.3

.09^*

.04

1.1

1.0–1.2

 Bully Victim – no

  1 type

.48^***

.05

1.6

1.5–1.8

.26^*

.10

1.3

1.1–1.6

.41^***

.07

1.5

1.3–1.7

.23^***

.06

1.3

1.1–1.4

  2 types

.63^***

.06

1.9

1.7–2.1

.45^***

.13

1.6

1.2–2.0

.79^***

.08

2.2

1.9–2.6

.59^***

.08

1.8

1.5–2.1

  3 or 4 types

.86^***

.07

2.4

2.0–2.7

.85^***

.13

2.3

1.8–3.0

.85^***

.10

2.4

2.0–2.9

.58^***

.09

1.8

1.5–2.1

Moderating effect

Model 2

Sport

Parent-adolescent relationship

 Good

-.11

.06

.89

.79–1.0

-.43^***

.13

.65

.51–.83

-.21^**

.08

.81

.70–.94

 Bad

-.26

.14

.77

.59–1.0

.38

.37

1.5

.71–3.0

-.21

.26

.81

.49–1.4

Parent status

 Single

-.06

.09

.95

.79–1.1

-.40

.21

.67

.44–1.0

-.18

.14

.84

.63–1.1

 Couple

-.17^**

.07

.84

.74–.96

-.31^*

.15

.74

.55–.99

-.22^**

.08

.80

.68–.95

Siblings

 0

-.96^***

.28

.38

.22–.66

-.31

.16

.73

.53–1.0

 1–2

-.12

.16

.89

.65–1.2

-.11

.09

.90

.75–1.1

 3+

-.47

.26

.62

.37–1.0

-.56^**

.19

.57

.40–.82

Bullying

 No

-.08

.07

.92

.80–1.1

-.39^*

.15

.68

.50–.92

-.11

.09

.90

.75–1.1

 1 type

-.34^**

.12

.71

.56–.90

-.47

.27

.62

.37–1.0

-.28

.17

.76

.54–1.1

 2 types

-.08

.15

.92

.69–1.2

.04

.33

1.0

.54–2.0

-.66^**

.22

.52

.34–.79

 3 or 4 types

-.08

.16

.92

.67–1.3

-.26

.33

.77

.41–1.5

-.17

.25

.84

.51–1.4

Expressive

Parent Status

 Couple

-.33^**

.12

.72

.56–.92

-.25^***

.07

.78

.68–.90

-.28^***

.06

.75

.67–.86

 Single

-.63^**

.20

.53

.36–.79

-.15

.13

.86

.67–1.1

-.06

.12

.95

.74–1.2

Siblings

 0

-.21

.24

.81

.51–1.3

-.29^*

.14

.75

.57–.98

 1–2

-.39^**

.12

.68

.53–.86

-.23^***

.07

.79

.69–.90

 3+

-.90^**

.34

.41

.21–.78

-.18

.17

.84

.60–1.2

Parent-adolescent relationship

 Good

-.46^***

.11

.63

.51–.79

-.23^***

.07

.79

.70–.90

-.21^***

.06

.81

.72–.91

 Bad

-.07

.31

.93

.51–1.7

-.19

.23

.83

.53–.1.3

-.63^**

.21

.53

.35–.80

Bully Victim

 No

-.76^***

.16

.47

.34–.64

-.42^***

.09

.66

.55–.73

-.18^*

.07

.84

.73–.96

 1 type

-.16

.20

.86

.58–1.3

-.25^*

.12

.78

.61–.97

-.41^***

.12

.66

.53–.83

 2 types

-.15

.24

.86

.53–1.4

.23

.15

1.3

.93–1.6

-.18

.16

.84

.63–1.1

 3 or 4 types

-.01

.26

.99

.60–1.6

.10

.19

1.1

.77–1.6

-.29

.19

.75

.51–1.1

Religious

Parent Status

 Couple

-.18^**

.07

.83

.72–.96

-.28

.15

.76

.57–1.0

-.19^*

.09

.83

.69–.99

-.18^*

.08

.83

.71–.97

 Single

-.27^*

.12

.76

.61–.96

-.19

.22

.82

.53–1.3

-.17

.16

.85

.61–1.2

-.02

.17

.98

.70–1.4

Siblings

 0

-.05

.28

.95

.55–1.6

-.26

.19

.77

.52–1.1

 1–2

-.36^*

.16

.70

.52–.95

-.12

.09

.89

.75–1.1

 3+

-.10

.28

.91

.52–1.6

-.21

.17

.81

.59–1.1

Parent-adolescent relationship

 good

-.22^*

.07

.80

.69–.91

-.25

.13

.79

.61–1.0

-.16

.08

.86

.73–1.0

-.13

.07

.88

.76–1.0

 bad

-.08

.16

.93

.70–1.3

-.38

.37

.69

.33–1.4

-.60

.34

.55

.29–1.1

-.58^*

.27

.56

.33–..95

Bully victim

 No

-.08

.08

.92

.79–1.1

-.19

.16

.83

.60–1.1

-.33^**

.11

.72

.58–.89

-.20^*

.09

.82

.68–.98

 1 type

-.52^***

.13

.60

.46–.77

-.42

.29

.65

.37–1.2

-.04

.16

.96

.70–1.3

-.33^*

.16

.72

.53–.98

 2 types

-.41^*

.17

.66

.48–.92

-.61

.36

.54

.27–1.1

-.22

.19

.80

.55–1.2

.09

.20

1.1

.73–1.6

 3 or 4 types

-.03

.16

.97

.71–1.3

.01

.31

1.0

.55–1.8

.18

.23

1.2

.77–1.9

.27

.23

1.3

.84–2.0

Baseline Behaviour

Model 3

Substance Use

3.3^***

.12

27.2

21.7–34.2

Interaction Authority

1.9^***

.16

6.8

4.9–9.4

Delinquency

2.0^***

.10

7.6

6.3–9.2

Absenteeism

1.6^***

.08

5.1

4.4–6.0