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Table 4 Lead poisoning rate according to published year, different economic zones, gender and different age ranges

From: The trend of lead poisoning rate in Chinese population aged 0–18 years old: a meta-analysis

Subgroup

Pooled rate (95 % CI) (%)

Sample size

Heterogeneity test

P

I2

Published year

     

1990–2000

28.1 % (21.6 %, 34.6 %)

13,804

845.98

<0.05

98.2 %

2001–2005

10.5 % (6.4 %, 14.5 %)

111,663

9525

<0.05

99.7 %

2006–2012

5.3 % (3.7 %, 7 %)

73,629

1560.91

<0.05

98.7 %

Economical zones

     

Eastern zone

4.3 % (2 %, 6.6 %)

99,896

14819.93

<0.05

99.5 %

Central zone

8.5 % (4.8 %, 12.1 %)

50,543

4572.20

<0.05

99.3 %

Western zone

5.8 % (3.2 %, 8.5 %)

48,393

3956.12

<0.05

99.1 %

Districs

     

Urban area

9.6 % (7.1 %, 12.1 %)

167,058

6980.4

<0.05

99.5 %

Suburban area

23.6 % (17 %, 30.3 %)

2555

114.22

<0.05

93.9 %

Rural area

23.8 % (6.7 %, 40.9 %)

1416

184.99

<0.05

98.4 %

Industrial area

57.5 % (28 %, 86.9 %)

937

403.16

<0.05

99.3 %

Mining area

70 %a (62.7 %, 77.3 %)

150

0

<0.05

 

Sex

     

Male

10 % (7 %, 13 %)

100,036

3676.19

<0.05

99.4 %

Female

7.7 % (5 %, 10.4 %)

82,754

2947.68

<0.05

99.2 %

Age range

     

Newborn (born-1 month)

3.3 % (0, 14.8 %)

4978

1970.40

<0.05

99.5 %

Infant(1 month–1 year old)

4.7 % (2.8 %, 6.7 %)

11,551

125.12

<0.05

90.4 %

Toddler (1–3 years old)

7.4 % (4.8 %, 10 %)

28,324

1532.99

<0.05

97.7 %

Pre-school age (3–6 year old)

9.5 % (7.8 %, 11.2 %)

99,735

3623.39

<0.05

98.2 %

school age (6–12 years old)

6.7 % (4.7 %, 8.6 %)

20,873

825.25

<0.05

95.6 %

Adolescence (>12 years old)

7 % (0, 13 %)

435

17.99

<0.05

88.9 %

  1. aThe data is a constant for only one literature included