From: The trend of lead poisoning rate in Chinese population aged 0–18 years old: a meta-analysis
Subgroup | Pooled rate (95 % CI) (%) | Sample size | Heterogeneity test | P | I2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Published year | |||||
1990–2000 | 28.1 % (21.6 %, 34.6 %) | 13,804 | 845.98 | <0.05 | 98.2 % |
2001–2005 | 10.5 % (6.4 %, 14.5 %) | 111,663 | 9525 | <0.05 | 99.7 % |
2006–2012 | 5.3 % (3.7 %, 7 %) | 73,629 | 1560.91 | <0.05 | 98.7 % |
Economical zones | |||||
Eastern zone | 4.3 % (2 %, 6.6 %) | 99,896 | 14819.93 | <0.05 | 99.5 % |
Central zone | 8.5 % (4.8 %, 12.1 %) | 50,543 | 4572.20 | <0.05 | 99.3 % |
Western zone | 5.8 % (3.2 %, 8.5 %) | 48,393 | 3956.12 | <0.05 | 99.1 % |
Districs | |||||
Urban area | 9.6 % (7.1 %, 12.1 %) | 167,058 | 6980.4 | <0.05 | 99.5 % |
Suburban area | 23.6 % (17 %, 30.3 %) | 2555 | 114.22 | <0.05 | 93.9 % |
Rural area | 23.8 % (6.7 %, 40.9 %) | 1416 | 184.99 | <0.05 | 98.4 % |
Industrial area | 57.5 % (28 %, 86.9 %) | 937 | 403.16 | <0.05 | 99.3 % |
Mining area | 70 %a (62.7 %, 77.3 %) | 150 | 0 | <0.05 | |
Sex | |||||
Male | 10 % (7 %, 13 %) | 100,036 | 3676.19 | <0.05 | 99.4 % |
Female | 7.7 % (5 %, 10.4 %) | 82,754 | 2947.68 | <0.05 | 99.2 % |
Age range | |||||
Newborn (born-1 month) | 3.3 % (0, 14.8 %) | 4978 | 1970.40 | <0.05 | 99.5 % |
Infant(1 month–1 year old) | 4.7 % (2.8 %, 6.7 %) | 11,551 | 125.12 | <0.05 | 90.4 % |
Toddler (1–3 years old) | 7.4 % (4.8 %, 10 %) | 28,324 | 1532.99 | <0.05 | 97.7 % |
Pre-school age (3–6 year old) | 9.5 % (7.8 %, 11.2 %) | 99,735 | 3623.39 | <0.05 | 98.2 % |
school age (6–12 years old) | 6.7 % (4.7 %, 8.6 %) | 20,873 | 825.25 | <0.05 | 95.6 % |
Adolescence (>12 years old) | 7 % (0, 13 %) | 435 | 17.99 | <0.05 | 88.9 % |