From: Health and educational success in adolescents: a longitudinal study
n = observations | Model, OR (95 % Cl) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |
n = 5 354 | n = 5354 | n = 5 354 | n = 5 354 | n = 5 354 | |
Gender | |||||
Girls | 1.85 (1.64–2.08) | 2.00 (1.77–2.26) | 2.22 (1.94–2.54) | 2.52 (2.18–2.91) | 2.03 (1.72–2.39) |
Boys | Reference | ||||
Immigrant background | |||||
Non-Western | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 0.60 (0.51–0.70) | 1.36 (1.09–1.68) | 1.31 (1.05–1.63) | 1.36 (1.08–1.73) |
Western | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.057 (0.86–1.33) | 0.88 (0.60–1.13) | 0.89 (0.69–1.16) | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) |
Native | Reference | ||||
Health measures | |||||
Birthweight (log) | 1.43 (1.02–2.00) | 1.46 (1.04–2.05) | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.95 (0.64–1.40) | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) |
Apgar score | 1.12 (1.02–1.22) | 1.11 (1.02–1.22) | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 1.08 (0.97–1.15) | 1.03 (0.91–1.18) |
Health in adolescence | |||||
Good | 1.56 (1.30–1.88) | 1.45 (1.18–1.79) | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 0.89 (0.70–1.14) | |
Very good | 2.17 (1.77–2.65) | 1.87 (1.49–2.34) | 1.24 (0.97–1.58) | 0.84 (0.63–1.10) | |
Poor | Reference | ||||
Parental education | |||||
High school | 1.67 (1.34–2.09) | 1.66 (1.25–1.34) | 1.46 (1.13–1.87) | ||
Undergraduate | 4.68 (3.68–5.39) | 4.66 (3.65–5.96) | 3.11 (2.37-4.07) | ||
Graduate | 11.20 (8.28–15.16) | 11.22 (8.25–15.25) | 5.78 (4.16–8.07) | ||
Primary school | Reference | ||||
Parental wealth and income | |||||
Wealth (log) | 1.34 (1.24–1.44) | 1.34 (1.25–1.44) | 1.27 (1.17–1.37) | ||
Income (log) | 1.12 (1.06–1.17) | 1.24 (1.06–1.18) | 1.10 (1.04–1.16) | ||
Two-parent household | |||||
Yes | 1.58 (1.37–1.82) | 1.39 (1.20–1.61) | 1.30 (1.10–1.53) | ||
No | Reference | ||||
Physical exercise | 1.09 (1.04–1.16) | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | |||
Smoking | |||||
Quit or smokes sometimes | 0.64 (0.54–0.75) | 0.76 (0.63–0.91) | |||
Smokes every day | 0.34 (0.28–0.42) | 0.57 (0.45–0.73) | |||
Never smoke | Reference | ||||
Feel close to friends | |||||
Yes | 0.89 (0.76–1.03) | 0.80 (0.68–0.75) | |||
No | Reference | ||||
Feel close to family | |||||
Yes | 1.12 (1.08–1.48) | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | |||
No | Reference | ||||
Expect to obtain a college education | |||||
Yes | 2.64 (2.24–3.10) | ||||
No | Reference | ||||
Grades in grade 10 | 3.45 (3.02–3.93) | ||||
Absence from school due to pain | 0.89 (0.84–0.95) |