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Table 3 Adjusted logistic regression with regard to the impact of infant health and adolescent health on enrolment in higher education

From: Health and educational success in adolescents: a longitudinal study

n = observations

Model, OR (95 % Cl)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

n = 5 354

n = 5354

n = 5 354

n = 5 354

n = 5 354

Gender

Girls

1.85 (1.64–2.08)

2.00 (1.77–2.26)

2.22 (1.94–2.54)

2.52 (2.18–2.91)

2.03 (1.72–2.39)

Boys

Reference

    

Immigrant background

Non-Western

0.60 (0.51–0.70)

0.60 (0.51–0.70)

1.36 (1.09–1.68)

1.31 (1.05–1.63)

1.36 (1.08–1.73)

Western

1.05 (0.85–1.30)

1.057 (0.86–1.33)

0.88 (0.60–1.13)

0.89 (0.69–1.16)

0.83 (0.63–1.10)

Native

Reference

    

Health measures

Birthweight (log)

1.43 (1.022.00)

1.46 (1.042.05)

0.95 (0.65–1.40)

0.95 (0.64–1.40)

0.87 (0.56–1.35)

Apgar score

1.12 (1.021.22)

1.11 (1.021.22)

1.06 (0.95–1.17)

1.08 (0.97–1.15)

1.03 (0.91–1.18)

Health in adolescence

Good

 

1.56 (1.301.88)

1.45 (1.181.79)

1.18 (0.95–1.46)

0.89 (0.70–1.14)

Very good

 

2.17 (1.772.65)

1.87 (1.492.34)

1.24 (0.97–1.58)

0.84 (0.63–1.10)

Poor

Reference

    

Parental education

High school

  

1.67 (1.34–2.09)

1.66 (1.25–1.34)

1.46 (1.13–1.87)

Undergraduate

 

4.68 (3.68–5.39)

4.66 (3.65–5.96)

3.11 (2.37-4.07)

Graduate

  

11.20 (8.28–15.16)

11.22 (8.25–15.25)

5.78 (4.16–8.07)

Primary school

Reference

    

Parental wealth and income

Wealth (log)

  

1.34 (1.24–1.44)

1.34 (1.25–1.44)

1.27 (1.17–1.37)

Income (log)

  

1.12 (1.06–1.17)

1.24 (1.06–1.18)

1.10 (1.04–1.16)

Two-parent household

Yes

  

1.58 (1.37–1.82)

1.39 (1.20–1.61)

1.30 (1.10–1.53)

No

Reference

    

Physical exercise

   

1.09 (1.04–1.16)

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

Smoking

Quit or smokes sometimes

   

0.64 (0.54–0.75)

0.76 (0.63–0.91)

Smokes every day

   

0.34 (0.28–0.42)

0.57 (0.45–0.73)

Never smoke

Reference

    

Feel close to friends

Yes

   

0.89 (0.76–1.03)

0.80 (0.68–0.75)

No

Reference

    

Feel close to family

Yes

   

1.12 (1.08–1.48)

1.24 (1.04–1.48)

No

Reference

    

Expect to obtain a college education

Yes

    

2.64 (2.24–3.10)

No

Reference

    

Grades in grade 10

    

3.45 (3.02–3.93)

Absence from school due to pain

    

0.89 (0.84–0.95)

  1. Apgar breathing effort, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes and skin color; CI confidence level; OR odds ratio
  2. Bold values indicate when exposure shows significance