Table 4 Multivariate regression predicting tobacco use among males and females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi

Constant

City

Chennai®

Ref

Ref

Delhi

1.66

[1.31,2.10]

0.0001

2.85

[1.91,4.26]

0.0001

Karachi

2.11

[1.71,2.59]

0.0001

4.33

[3.01,6.24]

0.0001

Age (centered at mean)

1.01

[1.00,1.02]

0.030

1.05

[1.03,1.06]

0.0001

Age squared

0.99

[1.00,1.00]

0.0001

0.99

[1.00,1.00]

0.055

Education

Above graduation®

Ref

Ref

Graduate

1.03

[0.70,1.51]

0.873

2.80

[0.30,26.24]

0.364

High/Secondary

1.51

[1.04,2.19]

0.031

8.47

[1.03,69.46]

0.047

No formal education/up to primary

2.67

[1.72,4.15]

0.0001

20.97

[2.53,173.62]

0.005

Occupation

Not working®

Ref

Ref

Professional

1.01

[0.65,1.57]

0.961

3.58

[1.12,11.40]

0.031

Trained

0.83

[0.58,1.17]

0.279

0.71

[0.19,2.64]

0.603

Skilled

1.06

[0.80,1.41]

0.671

0.93

[0.38,2.24]

0.870

Semi-skilled

1.36

[1.05,1.77]

0.020

0.56

[0.25,1.24]

0.151

Unskilled

1.23

[0.91,1.65]

0.173

1.52

[0.93,2.49]

0.095

Income

<10000 INR®

Ref

Ref

10000-20000 INR

0.81

[0.65,1.00]

0.052

0.68

[0.46,1.00]

0.051

>20000 INR

0.49

[0.36,0.65]

0.0001

0.37

[0.19,0.71]

0.003

BMI

<18.0 ®

Ref

Ref

18-22.99

0.50

[0.38,0.67]

0.0001

0.48

[0.27,0.85]

0.013

23-24.99

0.37

[0.26,0.52]

0.0001

0.41

[0.22,0.77]

0.006

> = 25

0.35

[0.26,0.46]

0.0001

0.40

[0.22,0.71]

0.002

Alcohol use

No®

Ref

Ref

Yes

4.17

[3.52,4.94]

0.060

8.18

[0.91,73.55]

0.911

Diabetes based on FPG & HbA1c values and hx of diabetes

No diabetes®

Ref

Ref

Known diagnosis diabetes

1.02

[0.80,1.29]

0.904

1.40

[0.89,2.20]

0.140

Newly diagnosed diabetes

1.02

[0.83,1.24]

0.878

0.97

[0.63,1.50]

0.883

Hypertension

Normotension®

Ref

Ref

Known diagnosis hypertension

0.87

[0.69,1.09]

0.208

0.91

[0.65,1.28]

0.580

Newly diagnosed hypertension

0.90

[0.76,1.06]

0.204

0.89

[0.67,1.19]

0.435

Dyslipidemia

No dyslipidemia®

Ref

Ref

Known diagnosis dyslipidemia

0.71

[0.41,1.22]

0.212

0.39

[0.16,0.93]

0.034

Newly diagnosed dyslipidemia

1.09

[0.94,1.27]

0.227

1.09

[0.83,1.44]

0.518

Adjusted Wald test for all parameters

F(24,69) = 24.10, p < 0.0001

F(24,68) = 10.71, p < 0.0001