Table 3 Bivariate analyses examining tobacco use among males and females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi

City

0.454

0.0001

Chennai

40.9

[38.3, 43.5]

3.2

[2.6, 4.1]

Delhi

40.6

[35.9, 45.5]

7.0

[5.3, 9.1]

Karachi

42.5

[39.5, 45.5]

13.1

[10.4, 16.3]

Age group

0.0001

0.0001

20-24

29.1

[24.7, 34.0]

3.4

[2.1, 5.6]

25-34

44.1

[40.4, 47.8]

3.4

[2.2, 5.2]

35-44

46.1

[42.8, 49.5]

6.4

[4.9, 8.4]

45-54

44.2

[40.3, 48.2]

9.3

[7.5, 11.5]

55-64

36.9

[33.7, 40.2]

10.6

[8.6, 13.0]

>65

28.5

[23.2, 34.3]

13.2

[9.7, 17.7]

Education

0.0001

0.0001

Above graduation

19.8

[16.1, 24.2]

0.4

[0.0, 2.5]

Graduate

22.5

[19.4, 25.9]

1.4

[0.8, 2.7]

High school/Secondary

43.3

[40.8, 45.8]

4.0

[3.2, 5.0]

No formal education/up to primary

57.7

[54.4, 61.1]

14.9

[13.1, 16.9]

Occupation

0.0001

0.009

Not working

32.4

[28.7, 36.4]

7.0

[5.9, 8.2]

Professional

25.9

[21.3, 31.0]

5.9

[1.9, 16.9]

Trained

27.3

[24.1, 30.8]

2.0

[0.4, 9.5]

Skilled

40.8

[37.4, 44.2]

4.7

[2.6, 8.2]

Semi-skilled

51.3

[47.8, 54.7]

5.5

[3.0, 9.7]

Unskilled

56.5

[52.6, 60.3]

9.3

[6.5, 13.1]

Income

0.0001

0.0001

<10000 INR

46.4

[44.2, 48.7]

7.9

[6.7, 9.3]

10000-20000 INR

33.5

[30.1, 37.1]

5.1

[3.8, 6.8]

>20000 INR

21.8

[18.6, 25.2]

1.8

[1.1, 2.9]

BMI (Kg/m2)

0.0001

0.0001

<18.0

62.5

[56.5, 68.2]

14.3

[8.7, 22.7]

18-22.99

45.1

[41.9, 48.2]

7.1

[5.7, 8.9]

23-24.99

37.5

[33.1, 42.0]

6.8

[5.2, 8.9]

> = 25

34.6

[32.1, 37.2]

5.7

[4.7, 6.9]

Alcohol use

0.0001

0.013

Noncurrent alcohol user

31.7

[29.5, 33.9]

6.9

[5.8, 8.0]

Current alcohol user

62.4

[59.2, 65.5]

34.7

[8.3, 75.8]

Diabetes based on FPG & HbA1c values and hx of diabetes

0.0001

0.056

No/prediabetes

41.6

[39.4, 43.8]

6.0

[4.9, 7.4]

Known diabetes

33.7

[30.3, 37.3]

9.1

[6.5, 12.6]

Newly diagnosed diabetes

37.2

[33.8, 40.7]

6.5

[4.9, 8.6]

Hypertension

0.0001

0.001

No hypertension

42.5

[39.9, 45.1]

6.1

[5.0, 7.4]

Known hypertension

31.2

[27.7, 34.9]

9.4

[7.6, 11.6]

Newly diagnosed hypertension

42.9

[39.9, 45.9]

8.1

[6.5, 10.1]

Dyslipidemia

0.001

0.218

No dyslipidemia

40.5

[38.4, 42.7]

6.1

[5.0, 7.5]

Known dyslipidemia

24.0

[17.8, 31.5]

5.6

[3.1, 10.0]

Newly diagnosed dyslipidemia

40.0

[37.2, 42.8]

7.3

[6.1, 8.7]