Table 1 Category, surveillance field and objective(s) of the approaches used for the evaluation of surveillance systems

[5]

Framework

Framework Guidelines Method

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To assess the quality of the information provided; the effectiveness in supporting the objective(s), in supporting informed decision-making; and the efficiency of SS

-

[18]

Tool

Method Tool

PH^a

Design efficient surveillance systems

Help plan, organize, implement SS

Not described

[19]

Tool

Guidelines Method Tool

PH^a

Design efficient surveillance systems

To establish a baseline and to monitor progress

-

[20]

Guidelines

Framework Guidelines Method

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To establish and maintain effective and efficient surveillance and response systems

-

[21]

Framework

Guidelines

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To assess existing SS and identify areas which can be improved

-

[22]

Framework

Framework

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To evaluate whether SS attain their objectives, and to provide information for further development and improvement

Military surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks on duty areas

[23]

Framework

Frameworl

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To provide objective, valid and reliable information for the decisions on which surveillance activities and functions should be continued

-

[24]

Framework

Framework Guidelines

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To establish the relative value of different approaches and to provide information needed to improve their efficacy

-

[25]

Tool

Framework Guidelines

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To assess whether the surveillance method appropriately addresses the disease/health issues; whether the technical performance is adequate

-

[26]

Guidelines

Framework Guidelines

PH^a

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To define how well the system operates to meet its objective(s) and purpose

-

[27]

Tool

Method Tool

AH^b

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To propose recommendation for improvement of SS

Implemented in France: surveillance network for antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria from animal origin (also mentioned but not described: early detection of FMD; case detection of rabies in bats; poultry disease surveillance network and salmonella laboratory surveillance network)

[28]

Framework

Framework Guidelines Method

AH^b

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

Support the detection of disparities in surveillance and support decisions on refining SS design

Implemented in UK: demonstration of freedom from Brucella melitensis; early detection of CSF and case detection of Tb.

[29,32]

Method

Guidelines Method

AH^b

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

To contribute to the improvement of the management of epidemiological animal health SS

Implemented in France: evolution of mycoplasmosis and salmonellosis rates in poultry (RENESA network); and the FMD surveillance network in cattle

[30]

Framework

Framework

EH^c

Evaluate performance and effectiveness

Make evidence-based decisions regarding the future selection, development and use of data

Environmental public health surveillance programs

[31]

Method

Guidelines Method

PH^a & AH^b

Evaluate the completeness of the surveillance systems in terms of core components

Evaluate the completeness and coherence of the concepts underlying a health surveillance program

National Integrated Enteric Pathogen Surveillance Program, Canada