Table 6 Multivariate analysis of the association (odds ratio; OR with 95% confidence interval) between physical activity, socio demographic, lifestyle characteristics, headache, opioid use for chronic pain, pain intensity and daily use of paracetamol and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) in persons without and with chronic pain

Physical activity

Physical activity-frequency

non-excercise

1.3 (0.9-1.9)

0.5 (0.3-1.0)

1.4 (1.2-1.7)

1.0 (0.8-1.3)

once/week

1.2 (0.8-1.8)

0.6 (0.4-1.0)

1.2 (1.0-1.5)

0.9 (0.7-1.2)

2-3 times/week

0.9 (0.6-1.3)

0.6 (0.4-1.0)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

1.0 (0.8-1.2)

> = 4 times /week

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Physical activity- duration

0-30 minutes

4.1 (2.3-7.1)

4.0 (1.9-8.4)

2.0 (1.6.2.4)

1.5 (1.1-2.0)

30-60 minutes

2.6 (1.5-4.3)

2.7 (1.5-5.1)

1.2 (1.0-1.5)

1.1 (0.9-1.4)

> = 60 minutes

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Physical activity- intensity

light

6.1 (1.5-24.7)

1.7 (0.4-7.0)

3.0 (1.5-5.8)

2.0 (0.9-4.5)

moderate

2.3 (0.6-9.3)

1.0 (0.2-4.3)

1.8 (0.9-3.5)

1.7 (0.8-3.7)

hard

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

Gender

men

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

women

2.4 (1.5-4.0)

2.4 (1.63.4)

1.9 (1.7-2.2)

1.8 (1.5-2.1)

Age , years

19-39

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

40-59

2.0 (1.2-3.1)

2.3 (1.3-4.0)

1.5 (1.2-1.9)

1.7 (1.3-2.2)

60-80

3.8 (2.4-6.0)

5.1 (2.9-0.0)

2.1 (1.6-2.6)

2.5 (1.9-3.3)

80+

9.9 (5.7-17.0)

11.3 (5.4-23.9)

3.2 (2.4-4.3)

3.5 (2.3-5.2)

Smoke

non-smoker

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

former smoker

1.1 (0.8-1.5)

1.1 (0.8-1.6)

1.0 (0.9-1.1)

1.0 (0.9-1.2)

current smoker

1.2 (0.8-1.6)

1.2 (0.8-1.8)

1.3(1.1-1.5)

1.4 (1.1-1.6)

Alcohol (frequency last 12 months)

non-consumer

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0- few times

0.6 (0.5-1.1)

1.0 (0.5-2.0)

0.8 (0.6-1.0)

0.7 (0.5-1.0)

once per month - once per week

0.4 (0.2-0.7)

0.9 (0.5-1.8)

0.5 (0.4-0.6)

0.7 (0.5-1.0)

2-7 times per week

0.2 (0.1-0.5)

0.5 (0.3-1.2)

0.5 (0.4-0.6)

0.7 (0.5-0.9)

Headache last 12 month

no

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

yes

2.0 (1.5-2.6)

2.1 (1.5-3.0)

1.6 (1.4-1.8)

1.6 (1.4-1.8)

Opioid use for chronic pain

no use

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

occasional

*

*

3.0 (3.8-6.0)

2.1 (1.8-2.5)

persistent

*

*

4.7 (3.8-6.0)

2.6 (1.9-3.5)

Pain intensity

no pain

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

*

very mild

1.9 (1.2-3.0)

1.7 (1.0-3.1)

*

mild

4.9 (3.4-7.0)

5.1 (3.3-7.9)

*

moderate

3.5 (2.3-5.5)

3.5 (2.0-6.0)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

strong

9.4 (5.5-16.3)

9.4 (4.7-18.9)

3.0 (2.7-3.4)

2.5 (2.1-2.9)

very strong

15.4 (5.9-39.7)

30.1 (10.8-84.1)

5.0 (3.8-6.4)

4.8 (3.4-6.8)