Factor | 2005 | 2008 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N [%] | Stunting, 6–59 months n [%] | p-value | Total N [%] | Stunting, 6–59 months n [%] | p-value | |
Proportion of stunted children | 3893 | 1120[28.8] | Â | 2708 | 590[21.8] | Â |
Age of child | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | ||
6-11 months | 648[16.7] | 168[25.9] | Â | 495[18.3] | 66[13.3] | Â |
12-23 months | 1131[29.1] | 374[33.1] | Â | 818[30.2] | 229[28.0] | Â |
24-35 months | 958[24.6] | 276[28.8] | Â | 626[23.1] | 138[22.0] | Â |
36-47 months | 702[18.0] | 199[28.4] | Â | 468[17.3] | 92[19.7] | Â |
48-59 months | 454[11.7] | 103[22.7] | Â | 301[11.1] | 65[21.5] | Â |
Sex of child | Â | 0.001 | Â | 0.213 | ||
Females | 1853[47.6] | 485[26.2] | Â | 1296[47.9] | 269[20.7] | Â |
Males | 1040[52.4] | 635[31.1] | Â | 1412[52.1] | 321[22.7] | Â |
Child Illness | ||||||
Cough with short rapid breathing | Â | Â | 0.342 | Â | Â | 0.990 |
Yes | 532[60.8] | 132[24.8] | Â | 424[73.9] | 85[20.1] | Â |
No | 343[39.2] | 95[27.7] | Â | 150[26.1] | 30[20.0] | Â |
Diarrhea | Â | Â | 0.210 | Â | Â | 0.967 |
Yes | 1009[25.9] | 275[27.3] | Â | 364[13.4] | 79[21.7] | Â |
No | 2881[74.1] | 845[29.3] | Â | 2344[86.6] | 511[21.8] | Â |
Maternal age (mean [SD])* | 29.0 [6.5] | 28.8 [6.4] | 0.199 | 29.2 [6.5] | 29.3 [6.5] | 0.724 |
Maternal education | Â | 0.004 | Â | <0.001 | ||
No education | 1704[43.8] | 526[30.9] | Â | 1068[39.4] | 274[25.7] | Â |
Primary | 526[13.5] | 155[29.5] | Â | 299[11.0] | 68[22.7] | Â |
Secondary | 1466[37.7] | 400[27.3] | Â | 1128[41.7] | 219[19.4] | Â |
Higher | 197[5.1] | 39[19.8] | Â | 213[7.9] | 29[13.6] | Â |
Maternal BMI** | Â | Â | 0.003 | Â | Â | 0.197 |
Thin and Normal (<25Â kg/m2) | 1533[39.4] | 487[31.8] | Â | 1117[41.3] | 258[23.1] | Â |
Overweight (25 to 30Â km/g2) | 1408[36.2] | 387[27.5] | Â | 991[36.6] | 216[21.8] | Â |
Obese (>30Â kg/m2) | 952[24.5] | 246[25.8] | Â | 600[22.2] | 116[19.3] | Â |
Perceived size of child at birth | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | 0.005 |
Very small or Small | 619[16.0] | 229[37.0] | Â | 478[17.7] | 127[26.6] | Â |
Average or Larger | 3251[84.0] | 882[27.1] | Â | 2230[82.4] | 463[20.8] | Â |
Birth Intervals | Â | Â | 0.046 | Â | Â | 0.399 |
<24Â months | 657[20.9] | 204[31.1] | Â | 373[17.5] | 87[23.3] | Â |
24-35 months | 969[30.8] | 285[29.4] | Â | 636[29.8] | 143[22.5] | Â |
36-47 months | 642[20.4] | 194[30.2] | Â | 455[21.3] | 113[24.8] | Â |
48+ months | 877[27.9] | 221[25.2] | Â | 670[31.4] | 138[20.6] | Â |
Socioeconomic/avian influenza factors | ||||||
Household ownership of poultry/birds | Â | Â | 0.003 | Â | Â | 0.029 |
Yes | 1951[50.1] | 603[30.9] | Â | 783[28.9] | 192[24.5] | Â |
No | 1942[49.9] | 517[26.6] | Â | 1923[71.1] | 398[20.7] | Â |
Residence | Â | Â | 0.004 | Â | Â | 0.012 |
Urban | 988[25.4] | 249[25.2] | Â | 715[26.4] | 132[18.5] | Â |
Rural | 2905[74.6] | 871[30.0] | Â | 1993[73.6] | [23.0] | Â |
Wealth Quintile | Â | <0.001 | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â |
Poorest | 1372[35.2] | 469[34.2] | Â | 1038[38.2] | 263[25.3] | Â |
Poorer | 1019[26.2] | 287[28.2] | Â | 668[24.7] | 153[22.9] | Â |
Middle | 729[18.7] | 197[27.0] | Â | 446[16.5] | 86[19.3] | Â |
Richer | 447[11.5] | 101[22.6] | Â | 273[10.1] | 51[18.7] | Â |
Richest | 326[8.4] | 66[20.3] | Â | 283[10.5] | 37[13.1] | Â |