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Table 5 Linear regression of minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (1 minute bouts), by car ownership and site (SE in parentheses) (n = 2101)

From: Association of car ownership and physical activity across the spectrum of human development: Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS)

 

No interactions1,2

No confounders

Adj. confounders2

Confounders2 + BMI

No car

    

US

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

Seychelles

−1.8 (1.8)

−13.6 (2.6)*

−12.2 (3.3)*

−14.1 (3.3)*

Jamaica

−8.3 (1.9)*

−19.1 (2.7)*

−19.3 (3.4)*

−21.2 (3.3)*

S. Africa

1.3 (2.3)

−8.8 (2.6)*

−9.9 (3.5)*

−10.9 (3.4)*

Ghana

0.0 (2.3)

−13.4 (2.6)*

−10.4 (3.5)*

−13.5 (3.5)*

Car

    

USA

−12.6 (1.4)*

−26.1 (3.5)*

−24.3 (3.2)*

−23.7 (−3.2)*

Seychelles

−10.7 (2.6)*

−12.1 (2.4)*

−12.2 (−2.4)*

Jamaica

−6.3 (2.7)*

−9.9 (2.6)*

−10.1 (−2.6)*

S. Africa

−4.3 (3.5)

−5.6 (3.3)

−5.7 (−3.3)

Ghana

−10.8 (3.8)*

−11.8 (3.6)*

−11.3 (−3.6)*

  1. Note: All site*car interactions are p = 0.001 or less vs. the US.
  2. 1 Same as Model 1, Table 4 .
  3. 2 Adjusted for age, gender, income, and material goods score.
  4. *denotes p < 0.05.