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Table 1 Differences between demographic and infection groups in number of visits and distance travelled for HIV treatment

From: Influence of socio-demographic factors on distances travelled to access HIV services: enhanced surveillance of HIV patients in north west England

 

N

Total no. visits

F

Per trip distance km

F

Total yearly return km

F

Sex

  

2.1

 

4.2*

 

6.9**

Male

2945

6.1 (5.9, 6.2)

 

4.8 (4.7, 5.0)

 

59.2 (57.0, 62.1)

 

Female

1038

5.8 (5.6, 6.1)

 

4.5 (4.3, 4.8)

 

53.1 (49.2, 57.0)

 

Age (years)

  

5.7***

 

4.9***

 

9.7***

0–14

67

6.8 (5.9, 8.0)

 

6.8 (5.6, 8.0)

 

92.9 (74.4, 116.0)

 

15–19

27

7.4 (5.6, 9.8)

 

4.5 (3.1, 6.3)

 

65.8 (39.9, 108.6)

 

20–24

165

5.5 (4.9, 6.2)

 

4.3 (3.7, 5.0)

 

47.3 (40.1, 55.8)

 

25–29

467

5.6 (5.2, 6.0)

 

4.2 (3.9, 4.5)

 

47.2 (42.5, 52.5)

 

30–34

674

5.4 (5.1, 5.7)

 

4.2 (3.9, 4.5)

 

45.4 (41.0, 50.1)

 

35–39

851

5.7 (5.5, 6.1)

 

4.8 (4.5, 5.1)

 

55.2 (50.9, 59.7)

 

40–44

762

6.5 (6.1, 6.8)

 

5.0 (4.7, 5.5)

 

64.9 (59.5, 70.7)

 

45–49

439

6.9 (6.5, 7.3)

 

5.1 (4.7, 5.6)

 

70.2 (63.2, 77.7)

 

50–54

270

6.4 (5.8, 6.9)

 

5.1 (4.7, 5.8)

 

66.0 (57.8, 75.5)

 

55–59

138

6.2 (5.5, 7.0)

 

5.6 (4.7, 6.6)

 

69.0 (56.3, 84.7)

 

60+

123

6.7 (6.0, 7.4)

 

6.3 (5.3, 7.6)

 

84.8 (69.7, 103.2)

 

Ethnicity

  

2.7**

 

12.0***

 

12.2***

White

2649

6.1 (6.0, 6.3)a

 

5.1 (5.0, 5.3)ae

 

63.7 (60.8, 66.6)a

 

Black Caribbean

45

6.5 (5.2, 8.2)a

 

3.1 (2.3, 4.0)bc

 

38.9 (27.4, 55.4)abcd

 

Black African

1082

5.8 (5.5, 6.0)ab

 

4.0 (3.7, 4.2)bd

 

46.0 (42.8, 49.2)cd

 

Black Other

15

6.5 (4.7, 9.0)ab

 

3.7 (2.4, 5.5)acd

 

47.3 (29.3, 77.2)abcd

 

Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi

48

5.5 (4.6, 6.6)ab

 

4.8 (3.7, 6.6)acd

 

54.1 (37.3, 78.2)bcd

 

Other Asian/Oriental

46

5.5 (4.2, 7.1)ab

 

6.8 (5.0, 9.3)a

 

74.7 (48.6, 114.9)bd

 

Other/Mixed

75

6.0 (5.1, 7.1)ab

 

5.5 (4.3, 7.1)ad

 

66.0 (48.9, 89.2)bcd

 

Unknown

23

3.6 (2.5, 5.1)b

 

2.9 (1.4, 5.3)cde

 

20.3 (9.3, 44.4)bcd

 

Route of Infection

  

5.1***

 

17.1***

 

15.2***

Sex between men

2172

6.3 (6.1, 6.5)ab

 

4.8 (4.7, 5.0)ab

 

60.2 (57.0, 63.1)a

 

Injecting drug use

94

5.3 (4.5, 6.2)ab

 

5.1 (4.2, 6.3)abc

 

53.1 (41.5, 68.6)ab

 

Heterosexual

1526

5.7 (5.5, 6.0)ab

 

4.5 (4.2, 4.7)ab

 

51.2 (48.0, 54.4)b

 

Blood/tissue

57

5.9 (5.0, 7.0)ab

 

13.2 (10.1, 17.2)

 

156.4 (114.9, 212.4)c

 

Mother to child

71

7.2 (6.2, 8.3)a

 

7.2 (6.1, 8.5)bc

 

104.0 (84.3, 128.1)c

 

Other/unknown

63

4.9 (3.9, 6.1)b

 

5.8 (4.5, 7.2)abc

 

56.0 (39.6, 78.9)ab

 

Residency

  

5.0***

 

18.5***

 

22.2***

UK

2997

6.1 (6.0, 6.3)a

 

5.1 (5.0, 5.3)

 

63.4 (60.8, 66.0)

 

Asylum Seeker

367

5.5 (5.1, 6.0)ab

 

3.7 (3.4, 4.2)a

 

41.8 (37.0, 47.0)a

 

Overseas Student

109

5.2 (4.5, 6.0)ab

 

3.5 (2.9, 4.2)a

 

35.7 (28.6, 44.4)a

 

Other non-UK

244

6.4 (5.8, 6.9)ab

 

4.0 (3.5, 4.5)a

 

50.5 (43.8, 58.3)a

 

Unknown

266

5.3 (4.8, 5.9)b

 

3.9 (3.4, 4.3)a

 

41.2 (35.1, 48.0)a

 

Level of antiretroviral therapy

  

147.3***

 

28.9***

 

138.4***

None

1333

4.7 (4.5, 4.9)Ŧ

 

4 (3.9, 4.3)

 

38.3 (35.7, 40.9)Ŧ

 

Mono+, dual+, triple

1935

6.4 (6.2, 6.6)Ŧ

 

5.1 (5.0, 5.5)a

 

66.0 (62.8, 69.5)Ŧ

 

Quadruple or more

715

8.1 (7.7, 8.5)Ŧ

 

5.3 (4.8, 5.6)a

 

85.3 (78.9, 92.4)Ŧ

 

Deprivation and urban category

 

1.6

 

198.1***

 

122.9***

 

Not urban, least deprived

150

5.4 (4.8, 6.0)

 

16.1 (14.2, 18.3)T

 

173.5 (146.5, 205.0)T

 

Urban, least deprived

1192

6.1 (5.9, 6.4)

 

6.6 (6.3, 6.9)T

 

80.8 (75.3, 86.3)T

 

Urban, average deprivation

1347

6.1 (5.8, 6.3)

 

4.3 (4.2, 4.7)T

 

52.8 (49.6, 56.3)T

 

Urban, most deprived

1294

5.9 (5.7, 6.2)

 

3.4 (3.2, 3.5)T

 

40.6 (38.3, 43.1)T

 

Total

3983

6.0 (5.9, 6.2)

 

4.8 (4.6, 4.9)

 

57.6 (55.4, 59.5)

 
  1. Figures in brackets are lower and upper confidence intervals. Univariate analysis, ANOVA and means calculated on log transformed variables.
  2. Total mileage is return mileage, and does not equate to number of visits multiplied by length of a single journey, since individuals may have used more than one treatment centre.
  3. +9 individuals on dual, 1 on mono therapy.
  4. Means in the same group with the same superscript letter do not significantly differ after post hoc analysis (Bonferroni multiple comparisons). Multiple comparisons by age are too complex to show here, but are typified by those in the youngest and oldest age groups being significantly higher than those in the 25 to 34 year age groups.
  5. Ŧall means significantly different from each other after Bonferroni multiple comparisons
  6. *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01, * P < 0.05