A systematic review of post-deployment injury-related mortality among military personnel deployed to conflict zones

Table 4 Studies examining injury-related post-Persian Gulf service mortality (all investigations involve retrospective cohort designs)

	Study Characteristics				Mortality Rate Ratios Gulf Veterans/Non-Gulf Veterans (95% Confidence Intervals)
Study [Reference No]	Follow-Up Period in Years^a	Sample^b	Sample Size^c	Measure^d	All External Causes (Injury)	Motor Vehicle Accidents	Suicide	Homicide
Kang and Bullman 1996 [28]	M = 3	♂ US Service Members	GV = 544,270 NGV = 456,726	AMRR^e	1.17 (1.07–1.29)	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	0.88 (0.72–1.08)	0.80 (0.61–1.05)
		♀ US Service Members	GV = 49,919 NGV = 84,517		1.78 (1.16–2.73)	1.81 (0.96–3.41)	1.47 (0.63–3.43)	2.66 (0.96–7.36)
Kang and Bullman 2001 [57]	M = 7 A = 7	♂ US Service Members	GV = 578,369^h NGV = 646,997^h	AMRR^f	1.04 (0.99–1.10)	1.19 (1.09–1.30)	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	0.90 (0.78–1.04)
		♀ US Service Members	GV = 43,533^h NGV = 99,25^h		1.39 (1.08–1.80)	1.63 (1.09–2.45)	1.29 (0.78–2.31)	1.54 (0.86–2.76)
MacFarlane et al. 2000 [32]	M = 8	UK Service Members	GV = 53,416 NGV = 53,450	MRR	1.18 (0.98–1.42)ⁱ	1.25 (0.91–1.72)	0.98 (0.65–1.48)	0.75 (0.11–4.44)
MacFarlane et al. 2005 [59]	M = 13	UK Service Members	GV = 51,753 NGV = 50,808	AMRR^g	1.19 (1.02–1.39)	1.44 (1.13–1.84)^j	1.04 (0.80–1.36)	no data in article
Sim et al. 2003 [61]	M = 10	Australian Service Members	GV = 1,833 NGV = 2,847	AMRRⁱ	1.1 (0.5–2.9)	few cases no data in article	few cases no data in article	few cases no data in article

^aM = Maximal follow-up period (the first number is the year the last person entered the study to the end of the survey period; the second number is the year the first person entered the study to the end of the survey period). A = Average follow-up time (if reported).
^bUS = United States, UK = United Kingdom, ♂ = male, ♀ = female
^cGV = Gulf War veterans; NGV = Not Gulf War veterans
^dMRR = mortality rate ratio; AMRR = adjusted mortality rate ratio
^eAdjusted for age, gender, race, branch of service, and component
^fAdjusted for age, race, service branch, component, and marital status
^gAdjusted for age
^hEstimated from demographics in article.
ⁱAdjusted for age, rank, and service type
^jCalled "transportation accidents" using ICD-10

ISSN: 1471-2458