A systematic review of post-deployment injury-related mortality among military personnel deployed to conflict zones

Knapik, Joseph J; Marin, Roberto E; Grier, Tyson L; Jones, Bruce H

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-231

Table 3 Studies examining injury-related post-Vietnam service mortality

From: A systematic review of post-deployment injury-related mortality among military personnel deployed to conflict zones

	Study Characteristics				Mortality Rate Ratios Vietnam Veterans/Non-Vietnam Veterans (95% Confidence Intervals Where Available)
Study [Reference No]	Follow-Up Period (years)^a	Sample^b	Sample Size^c	Measure^d	All External Causes (Injury)	Motor Vehicle Accidents	Suicide	Homicide
Proportionate Mortality Investigations
Kogan & Clapp 1985 [7]	M = 10–25	US White ♂ Veterans from MA State	VN = 840 NVN = 2,515	PMR	1.08	1.10	0.93	0.80
Lawrence 1985 [20]	M = 7–10	US ♂ Veterans from NY State	VN = 555 NVN = 941	APMR^e	no data in article	0.86 (0.66–1.11)	1.24 (0.88–1.75)	1.59 (0.86–2.94)
Anderson et al. 1986 [38]	M = 3–14	US White ♂ Veterans from WI State	VN = 922 NVN = 1,569	PMR	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	1.03 (0.95–1.11)	0.98 (0.84–1.15)	no data in article
Breslin et al. 1988 [39]	M = 8–17	US Army ♂ Veterans	VN = 19,708 NVN = 22,904	PMR	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	1.05 (1.01–1.09)	0.93 (0.88–0.98)	1.01 (0.73–1.40)
		US Marine ♂ Veterans	VN = 4,527 NVN = 3,781		1.00 (0.95–1.05)^f	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	0.93 (0.86–1.01)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)
Bullman et al. 1990 [40]	M = 11–19	US Army Veterans	VN = 6,668 NVN = 27,917	PMR	1.06 (1.03–1.09)	1.08 (1.02–1.14)	0.97 (0.90–1.04)	1.07 (0.99–1.16)
Watanabe et al. 1991 [24]	M = 10–20	US Army ♂ Veterans	VN = 24,145 NVN = 27,917	PMR	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	1.03 (0.99–1.07)^f	0.96 (0.91–1.01)^f	1.02 (0.98–1.10)^f
		US Marine ♂ Veterans	VN = 5,501 NVN = 4,505		1.02 (0.99–1.05)^f	1.02 (0.95–1.12)^f	0.99 (0.89–1.10)^f	1.04 (0.93–1.17)^f
Visintainer et al. 1995 [41]	M = 18–24	US ♂ Veterans from MI State	VN = 3,364 NVN = 5,229	PMR	0.95 (0.89–1.02)	no data in article	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	1.03 (0.93–1.14)
Watanabe & Kang 1996 [26]	M = 17–23	US Army ♂ Veterans	VN = 27,596 NVN = 31,757	PMR	1.04	1.03	0.97	1.05 (1.01–1.09)
		US Marine ♂ Veterans	VN = 6,237 NVN = 5,040		1.02	1.02	1.01	1.01
Retrospective Cohort Investigations
Fett et al. 1984 [42]	M = 9–16	Australian ♂ Army Conscripts	VN = 19,205 NVN = 26,957	MRR	1.3 (1.0–1.3)	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	1.5 (0.9–2.3)	no data in article
Boyle et al. 1987 [9]	M = 12–18 A = 14	US Army ♂ Junior Enlisted Veterans	VN = 9,324 NVN = 8,989	MRR	1.25 (1.00–1.55)	1.48 (1.04–2.09)	0.98 (0.58–1.65)	0.99 (0.57–1.71)
Thomas et al. 1991 [23]	M = 15–23 A = 17	US ♀ Service Members	VN = 4,582 NVN = 5,324	AMRR^g	1.33 (0.80–2.23)	3.19 (1.03–9.86)	0.96 (0.39–2.39)	no data in article
Watanabe et al. 1995 [25]	M = 18–24 A = 22	US Army Marines	VN = 10,716 NVN = 9,346	MRR	1.20 (0.99–1.45)	1.04 (0.76–1.43)	1.15 (0.75–1.76)	no data in article
Dalager & Kang 1997 [27]	M = 18–26 A = 20	US Army Chemical Corps Personnel	VN = 2,872 NVN = 2,737	AMRR^h	0.83 (0.57–1.22)	no data in article	no data in article	no data in article
Boehmer et al. 2004 [29]	M = 29–35 A = 30	US Army ♂ Junior Enlisted Veterans	VN = 9,324 NVN = 8,989	MRR	1.19 (1.01–1.39)	1.24 (0.94–1.64)ⁱ	1.03 (0.74–1.44)ⁱ	0.90 (0.60–1.36)ⁱ
Cypel & Kang 2008 [51]	M = 32–40	US ♀ Service Members	VN = 4,586 NVN = 5,325	AMRR^j	1.34 (0.91–1.96)	2.60 (1.22–5.55)	0.90 (0.44–1.85)	no data in article

^aM = Maximal follow-up period (the first number is the year the last person entered the study to the end of the survey period; the second number is the year the first person entered the study to the end of the survey period). A = Average follow-up time (if reported).
^bUS = United States, MA = Massachusetts, MI = Michigan, NY = New York, WI = Wisconsin
^cVN = Vietnam-era veterans serving in Vietnam; NVN = Vietnam-era veterans not serving in Vietnam
^dPMR = proportionate mortality ratio; APMR = adjusted proportionate mortality ratio; MRR = mortality rate ratio; AMRR = adjusted mortality rate ratio
^eAdjusted for age, race, and education
^fApproximate confidence interval calculated from data in study
^gAdjusted for age, race, rank, military occupational specialty, and duration of military service
^hAdjusted for age, race, rank, and duration of military service
ⁱCalculated from data in article
^jAdjusted for rank, nursing status, duration of military service, age at entry, and race

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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