Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D status in African American men

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Distribution of descriptive characteristics in 194 African American men¹, and associations with 25(OH)D concentrations.

	Distribution (%)	Mean 25(OH)D (ng/mL)²	25(OH)D <15 ng/mL (%)
Plasma 25(OH)D (ng/mL)		--	--
Mean (SD)	13.7 (6.1)
<10	34
10–<15	27
≥ 15	39
Age (years)
Mean (SD)	49.6 (8.4)
35–44	29	13.1	65
45–54	45	13.4	61
55–74	26	14.7	58
Level of education
high school graduate	21	13.8	56
some college	42	13.5	63
college graduate	22	14.3	57
graduate degree	15	13.1	69
Body mass index (kg/m²)
Mean (SD)	29.6 (5.4)
<25	15	15.0^a	50
25–<30	46	14.0^ab	57
30–<35	26	13.2^ab	67
≥ 35	13	11.5^b	76
Recreational physical activity (hours/week)
Mean or median	2.3 (2.1)
≤ 1	42	12.7^a	74^a
>1–3	34	14.6^b	48^b
>3	24	15.4^b	45^b
Occupational sun exposure
Indoor	35	13.9^ab	58
Mixed/Outdoor	18	12.0^a	68
Unknown occupation	28	13.2^ab	67
Not currently working	20	15.5^b	53
Smoking status
Never	62	14.2	57
Former	23	13.5	69
Current	15	12.0	67
Total vitamin D (IU/day)
Mean (SD)	371 (331)
<200	45	12.2^a	68
200–<400	21	14.4^ab	58
≥ 400	35	15.0^b	55
Dietary vitamin D (IU/day)
Mean (SD)	181 (114)
<200	70	13.4	64
200–<400	24	14.2	59
≥ 400	7	14.3	46
Milk intake (8 oz glasses/week)
Median (1^st, 3^rd quartile)	1 (0.5–3)
<1	44	13.0	69^a
1–<3.5	38	13.7	60^ab
≥ 3.5	18	15.2	46^b
Cereal intake (cups/week)
0	22	12.6^a	62
≤ 1	41	13.1^ab	67
>1	37	14.9^b	54
Supplemental vitamin D (IU/day)
0	55	11.9^a	73^a
≤ 400	32	15.8^b	46^b
>400	13	15.8^b	52^b
Season of blood collection
Summer	26	18.0^a	31^a
Fall	24	13.8^b	61^b
Winter	29	10.3^c	80^c
Spring	21	12.7^b	73^b

¹ Due to missing values, N = 187 for BMI, N = 136 for recreational physical activity, and N = 180 for smoking status.
² Differences are statistically significant (p < 0.05) between categories with different superscripts. Analysis-of-variance was used to compare mean 25(OH)D across categories, with least square means used in post-hoc comparisons. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to compare proportions with 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL across categories.

ISSN: 1471-2458