Geographic variation and effect of area-level poverty rate on colorectal cancer screening

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Association between CRC screening use and poverty rate at ZIP5 and ZIP3 level by examining six potential pathways.

	Model I	Model II	Model III	Model IV	Model V	Model VI	Model VII	Model VIII	Model IX
Fixed Effects
ZIP5 poverty (>= 10% vs. <10%)	-	0.69 (0.58–0.81)	0.72 (0.62–0.85)	0.67 (0.57–0.79)	0.77 (0.66–0.90)	0.70 (0.59–0.82)	0.71 (0.61–0.83)	0.69 (0.59–0.81)	0.81 (0.67–0.98)
IOR *	-	0.18–2.62	0.19–2.71	0.17–2.60	0.21–2.88	0.18–2.65	0.19–2.67	0.18–2.62	0.22–3.00
ZIP3 poverty (>= 20% vs. <20%)	-	0.66 (0.52–0.83)	0.74 (0.55–0.98)	0.64 (0.51–0.81)	0.62 (0.51–0.76)	0.66 (0.52–0.83)	0.69 (0.52–0.91)	0.66 (0.52–0.83)	0.64 (0.50–0.83)
IOR	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Random Effects
ZIP5 [Var. (SE)]	0.573 (0.167)	0.543 (0.139)	0.529 (0.131)	0.558 (0.143)	0.529 (0.145)	0.546 (0.139)	0.534 (0.138)	0.544 (0.139)	0.519 (0.127)
MOR^†	2.06	2.02	2.00	2.04	2.00	2.02	2.01	2.02	1.99
ICC (%)	14.83	14.17	13.85	14.50	13.85	14.19	13.96	14.19	13.63
PCV^‡ (%)	-	-5.24	-7.68	-2.62	-7.68	-5.06	-6.81	-5.06	-9.42
ZIP3 [Var. (SE)]	0.061 (0.034)	0	0	0	0.003 (0.018)	0	0	0	0
MOR	1.27	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.05	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
ICC (%)	1.82	0	0	0	0.09	0	0	0	0
ZIP3 & ZIP5	0.634	0.543	0.529	0.558	0.532	0.544	0.534	0.544	0.519
MOR	2.14	2.02	2.00	2.04	2.01	2.02	2.01	2.02	1.99
DIC ^§	4226	4163	4060	4149	3699	4152	4128	4155	3621

Note: Model I is an empty model; Model II only contains area poverty; Model III contains area poverty and demographic variable (age, gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, employment and income); Model IV contains area poverty and health condition variables (BMI < weight/height²>, chronic diseases history <asthma, diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease and heart attack> and depression/anxiety history); Model V contains area poverty and access to care variables (health plan coverage, primary care physician and routine check-up for medical status); Model VI contains area poverty and emotional support; Model VII contains area poverty and health-related behaviors (smoking, alcohol-consumption and physical exercise); Model VIII contains area poverty and self-rated health status; Model IX contains area poverty and all individual-level factors. * IOR: Interval odds ratio; ^† MOR: Median odds ratio; ^‡ PCV: Proportional change in variance relative to Model I; §DIC, Deviance information criterion; ^¶ P < 0.01.

ISSN: 1471-2458