Table 1 List of included studies.

1

Domestic transmission routes of pathogens: the problem of in-house contamination of drinking water during storage in developing countries [31]

2a

An educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviours to reduce childhood diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh: formulation, preparation and delivery of educational intervention [32]

2b

An educational intervention for altering water-sanitation behaviours to reduce childhood diarrhoea in urban Bangladesh. II. A randomized trial to assess the impact of the intervention on hygienic behaviours and rates of diarrhoea [33]

3

Chlorination and safe storage of household drinking water in developing countries to reduce waterborne disease [34]

4

An intervention for the promotion of hygienic faeces disposal behaviours in a shanty town of Lima, Peru [35]

5a

Handwashing intervention to reduce ascariasis in children [36]

5b

Prevention of diarrhoea and dysentery by handwashing [37]

6a

Use of insecticide for fly control reduced the incidence of childhood diarrhoea in rural Pakistan [38]

6b

Impact of fly control on childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan: community-randomised trial [39]

7a

Sustainability of a water, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh: a 5-year follow-up [40]

7b

Lack of impact of a water and sanitation intervention on the nutritional status of children rural Bangladesh [41]

7c

Reduction in diarrhoeal diseases in children in rural Bangladesh by environmental and behavioural modifications [42]

8

Hand washing with soap reduces diarrhoea and spread of bacterial pathogens in a Bangladesh village [43]

9

Effect of fly control on trachoma and diarrhoea [44]

10

Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa Tanzania [45]

11

Diarrhoea prevention through household-level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia [46]

12

Keeping clean water clean in a Malawi refugee camp: a randomized intervention trial [47]

13

A longitudinal study of the impact of behavioural change intervention on cleanliness, diarrhoeal morbidity and growth of children in rural Bangladesh [48]

14

Measuring the effect of a hygiene behaviour intervention by indicators of behaviour and diarrhoeal disease [49]

15

Effect of intensive handwashing promotion on childhood diarrhoea in high-risk communities in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial [50]

16

Hand-washing reduces diarrhoea episodes: A study in Lombok, Indonesia [51]

17a

The Imo State (Nigeria) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project, 2. Impact on dracunculiasis, diarrhoea and nutritional status [52]

17b

The Imo State (Nigeria) Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Project, 1. Description of the project, evaluation methods, and impact on intervening variables [53]

18

Community-based hygiene education to reduce diarrhoeal disease in rural Zaire: impact of the intervention on diarrhoeal morbidity [54]

19

A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of Village Health Education on Environmental Sanitation [55]