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Table 3 Multivariable GEE results – Epworth scores and bedtime habits.

From: "Sleepiness" is serious in adolescence: Two surveys of 3235 Canadian students

Variable

Odds Ratio

95%Confidence Interval

p value

Gender

1.1042

1.0369

1.1759

0.0020

Weeknight sleep hours*

0.7328

0.6411

0.8376

<0.0001

Consistent bedtime routine

0.4554

0.3756

0.5523

<0.0001

Up late to study

1.4594

1.1667

1.8256

0.0009

Caffeine after 6 P.M.

1.2318

1.2064

1.2577

<0.0001

Smoke before bed

1.1841

0.9983

1.4045

0.0523

Eat before bed

1.0007

0.9632

1.0397

0.9727

  1. * OR calculated based on one hour of weeknight sleep (ICC = 0.0018)