Use of a food frequency questionnaire in American Indian and Caucasian pregnant women: a validation study

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Characteristics of low-income pregnant women in a validation study of the Harvard Service FFQ (HSFFQ)

Characteristic	Phase 1: Three week-12 recalls + HSFFQ2 (n = 279) ^a	Phase 2: Three week-28 recalls + HSFFQ3 (n = 242) ^b	Complete study: Three week-12 recalls + three week-28 recalls + HSFFQ2 + HSFFQ3 (n = 237) ^c
Mean age (range)	24 (16–40)	24 (16–39)	24 (16–39)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Ethnicity
American Indian	104 (37)	88 (36)	82 (35)
Caucasian	175 (63)	154 (64)	154 (65) ^d
Percent poverty level
≤ 100%	176 (63)	151 (62)	147 (62)
101 to 133%	44 (16)	41 (17)	41 (17)
134 to 185%	56 (20) ^e	50 (21)	49 (21)
Number of previous livebirths
0	120 (43)	100 (41)	98 (41)
1	78 (28)	69 (29)	67 (28)
2	46 (16)	43 (18)	43 (18)
3	23 (8)	22 (9)	22 (9)
≥ 4	11 (4) ^f	8 (3)	7 (3)

Some percentages do not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding
^a Excluded if calories > 4500 (n = 3) or age < 16 (n = 1) on the HSFFQ2
^b Excluded if calories > 4500 (n = 2) or age < 16 (n = 2) on the HSFFQ3
^c Excluded if calories > 4500 (n = 5) or age < 16 (n = 3) on the HSFFQ2 or HSFFQ3
^d Excluding 1 participant with discordant ethnicity reported on the HSFFQ2 and HSFFQ3
^e Percent poverty level missing for 3 participants
^f Number previous livebirths missing for 1 participant

ISSN: 1471-2458