Table 3 Summary statistics for explanatory variables and univariate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for presentation with skin infections: Confidence intervals adjusted for clustering of children in dwellings.
| Â | Community A (NA = 100) | Community B (NB = 38) | All children (N = 138) | Univariate incidence rate ratios |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | IRR (95% CI) |
No skin infections | 41 (41.0) | 13 (34.1) | 54 (39.1) | na |
2 or more skin infections | 37 (37.0) | 10 (26.3) | 47 (34.0) | na |
5 or more skin infections | 12 (12.0) | 2 (5.3) | 14 (10.0) | na |
Total number of skin infections | 162 | 50 | 212 | na |
Median skin infections per child (range) | 1 (0 – 8) | 1 (0 – 9) | 1 (0 – 9) | na |
Skin incidence rate (person-years) | 1.84 | 1.47 | 1.74 | na |
Primary explanatory variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Dwelling facilities required to: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   - wash children not functioning | 35 (35.0) | 3 (7.9) ** | 38 (27.5) | 1.23 (0.75 – 1.99) |
   - wash clothes not functioning | 51 (51.0) | 10 (26.3) * | 61 (44.2) | 1.40 (0.83 – 2.36) |
   - remove human faeces not functioning | 42 (42.0) | 8 (21.1) * | 50 (36.2) | 1.68 (0.99 – 2.87) |
Combined HLPs | 64 (64.0) | 15 (39.5) * | 79 (57.2) | 1.96 (1.25 – 3.07) |
Concrete/other floor material (no tiles) | 53 (53.0) | 2 (5.3) ** | 98 (71.0) | 1.26 (0.74 – 2.14) |
Dwelling built pre 1980 | 15 (15.0) | 14 (36.8) ** | 29 (21.0) | 1.23 (0.68 – 2.25) |
Secondary explanatory variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Community A | - | - | 100 (72.5) | 1.27 (0.74 – 2.20) |
   Community B (reference category) | - | - | 38 (27.5) | 1.00 |
Health software | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Household cleaning equipment missing | 79 (79.0) | 6 (15.8) ** | 87 (63.0) | 1.59 (0.90 – 2.80) |
   No soap in bathroom | 57 (57.0) | 5 (13.2) ** | 62 (44.9) | 1.23 (0.72 – 2.09) |
Contaminants | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Internal contaminants present | 79 (79.0) | 35 (92.1) | 114 (82.6) | 0.57 (0.28 – 1.14) |
   External contaminants present | 82 (82.0) | 36 (94.7) | 118 (85.5) | 1.66 (0.83 – 3.31) |
Child and carer socio-demographic factors | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Child less than 3 years | 49 (49.0) | 19 (50.0) | 68 (49.3) | 1.95 (1.40 – 2.72) |
   Child sex (male) | 52 (52.0) | 17 (44.7) | 69 (50.0) | 0.86 (0.52 – 1.43) |
   Child mobility (high) | 7 (7.0) | 5 (13.2) | 12 (8.7) | 0.78 (0.42 – 1.47) |
   Carer age < 20 years | 13 (13.0) | 3 (7.9) | 16 (11.6) | 3.20 (2.18 – 4.71) |
   Carer 20 years to LT 35 years | 77 (77.0) | 29 (76.3) | 106 (76.8) | 1.00 |
   Carer 35 years or more | 10 (10.0) | 6 (15.8) | 16 (11.6) | 1.79 (1.06 – 3.04) |
   Low family income (≤ $935 or median) | 58 (58.0) | 12 (31.6) ** | 70 (51.1) | 2.10 (1.30 – 3.40) |
   Carer unemployed | 76 (76.0) | 9 (23.7) ** | 85 (61.6) | 1.25 (0.78 – 1.99) |
   Carer highest level of education |  |  |  |  |
Years 11 or 12 | 11 (11.0) | 6 (15.8) | 17 (12.3) | 1.00 |
Years 9 or 10 | 23 (23.0) | 21 (55.3) ** | 44 (31.9) | 1.26 (0.74 – 2.16) |
Year 8 or below | 66 (66.0) | 11 (29.0) ** | 77 (55.8) | 1.92 (1.19 – 3.12) |
Household composition variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Four or more children < 7 yrs in dwelling | 29 (29.0) | 8 (21.1) | 37 (26.8) | 1.54 (0.84 – 2.82) |
   Three carers in dwelling | 12 (12.0) | 4 (10.5) | 16 (11.6) | 2.26 (1.24 – 4.13) |
   Visitors present in dwelling | 20 (20.0) | 12 (31.6) | 31 (22.6) | 0.79 (0.49 – 1.28) |
   Residents per bedroom |  |  |  |  |
Lowest (1.33–2.00) | 9 (9.0) | 10 (26.3) * | 19 (13.8) | 1.00 |
Middle (2.33–4.00) | 57 (57.0) | 16 (42.1) | 73 (52.9) | 1.51 (0.59 – 3.86) |
Highest (4.33–8.33) | 34 (34.0) | 12 (31.6) | 46 (33.3) | 1.11 (0.44 – 2.79) |