Table 2 Prevalence of H. pylori infection by demographic and socio-economic variables

Location

Apac (88) (Ref)

18.2 (10.2-26.3)

1.00

-

-

Kawempe Health Centre (86)

60.5 (50.2-70.8)

7.02 (3.51-14.01)

0.00

-

-

Mbale (107)

55.1 (45.7-64.5)

5.53 (2.85-10.73)

0.00

-

-

Mbarara (105)

42.9 (33.4-52.4)

3.45 (1.78-6.70)

0.00

-

-

Rakai (61)

49.2 (36.7-61.7)

4.36 (2.08-9.11)

0.00

-

-

All without Apac (359)

51.8 (46.6-57.0)

4.89 (2.74-8.73)

0.00

-

-

Ethnic group

Lango¹ (87) (Ref)

18.4 (10.3-26.5)

1.00

-

-

Nkole² (142)

46.5 (38.3-54.7)

3.85 (2.04-7.27)

0.00

-

-

Gisu³ (101)

58.4 (48.8-68.0)

6.23 (3.19-12.20)

0.00

-

-

Ganda⁴ (93)

55.9 (45.8-66.0)

5.63 (2.85-11.10)

0.00

-

-

Others⁵ (24)

37.5 (18.1-56.9)

2.96 (1.13-7.78)

0.03

-

-

Residence

Rural (202) (Ref)

37.3 (30.9-44.3)

1.00

1.00

Urban (246)

51.6 (45.4-57.8)

1.79 (1.23-2.62)

0.00

1.58 (1.06-2.34)

0.03

Age (years)⁶

15-19 (95) (Ref)

53.2 (43.1-63.3)

1.00

1.00

20-24 (178)

44.9 (37.6-52.2)

0.72 (0.44-1.19)

0.20

0.71 (0.42-1.20)

0.20

25-29 (84)

42.2 (31.6-52.8)

0.64 (0.35-1.16)

0.14

0.63 (0.34-1.17)

0.14

30-34 (59)

37.3 (25.0-49.6)

0.52 (0.27-1.02)

0.06

0.51 (0.26-1.03)

0.06

35-39 (24)

45.8 (28.3-64.2)

0.76 (0.30-1.83)

0.52

0.76 (0.30-1.94)

0.56

40-44 (6)

16.7 (0.9-58.1)

0.18 (0.02-1.57)

0.12

0.24 (0.03-2.35)

0.22

Marital status

Not married⁷ (39)

46.2 (30.6-61.8)

1.00

1.00

Married (406)

45.3 (34.4-68.6)

0.97 (0.50-1.88)

0.93

0.91 (0.46-1.82)

0.79

Education status

Primary and above (392) (Ref)

43.9 (39.0-48.8)

1.00

1.00

None (56)

55.4 (42.4-68.4)

1.59 (0.90-2.79)

0.11

1.98 (1.08-3.63)

0.03

Parity

≤ 2 (270)

49.3 (43.3-55.3)

1.00

1.00

3+ (176)

38.6 (31.4-45.8)

0.64 (0.44-0.95)

0.03

0.71 (0.47-1.05)

0.09

HCI⁸

Low (50)

52.0 (38.2-65.8)

1.00

1.00

Medium (309)

44.7 (34.3-45.3)

0.75 (0.41-1.36)

0.34

0.81 (0.44-1.49)

0.50

High (89)

43.8 (41.9-62.7)

0.72 (0.36-1.44)

0.35

0.88 (0.43-1.81)

0.73

Water source

Own tap (23) (Ref)

40.9 (20.8-61.0)

1.00

1.00

Public tap (104)

52.5 (42.9-62.1)

2.94 (1.08-8.06)

0.04

2.71 (0.98-7.49)

0.05

Public well, borehole or spring (280)

43.3 (37.5-49.1)

2.25 (0.86-5.88)

0.10

2.90 (1.09-7.68)

0.03

River, lake, or stream (41)

48.8 (33.5-64.1)

2.70 (0.87-8.22)

0.08

5.45 (1.67-17.80)

0.01

Toilet

None (8) (Ref)

37.5 (4.0-71.0)

1.00

1.00

Flush (15)

33.3 (9.4-57.2)

0.63 (0.11-3.41)

0.59

0.39 (0.06-2.26)

0.29

Pit latrine (423)

45.9 (41.2-50.6)

1.06 (0.28-4.00)

0.93

0.86 (0.21-3.56)

0.84

Wealth Quintile

Lowest (94) (Ref)

34.0 (25.2-44.1)

1.00

1.00

Second (83)

44.6 (34.4-55.3)

1.57 (0.86-2.86)

0.15

0.85 (0.43-1.69)

0.65

Middle (89)

43.8 (34.0-54.2)

1.54 (0.84-2.85)

0.16

0.76 (0.38-1.54)

0.45

Third (88)

46.6 (36.5-56.9)

1.74 (0.94-3.19)

0.08

0.74 (0.37-1.52)

0.42

Highest (93)

54.8 (44.7-64.6)

2.44 (1.33-4.48)

0.00

1.00 (0.49-2.04)

0.99