| Themes from the literature reviewed | Positive | Existential | Negative |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perceptions | Knowledge of HIV transmission | X | Â | Â |
 | Acceptance of VCT | X |  |  |
 | Willingness to go for VCT | X |  |  |
 | Desire to have children |  | X |  |
 | Desire to breastfeed |  | X |  |
 | Poor condom use knowledge |  |  | X |
 | Poor awareness of ARV’s |  |  | X |
 | Poor awareness of PMTCT |  |  | X |
 | Stigma and discrimination |  |  | X |
 | HIV = death, abandonment, rejection |  |  | X |
Enablers | Confidentiality of HIV test results | X | Â | Â |
 | PMTCT Health education programs | X |  |  |
 | Family planning services, HAART | X |  |  |
 | Support group and counseling | X |  |  |
 | Support group and antiretroviral therapy | X |  |  |
 | Traditional Birth Attendant |  | X |  |
 | Inadequate VCT and PMTCT centers |  |  |  |
 | Long distance, long waiting times |  |  | X |
 | Financial difficulties and cost |  |  | X |
 | Stigma |  |  | X |
 | Discrimination from health workers |  |  | X |
 | Lack of confidentiality of results |  |  | X |
 | Refusal of HIV testing |  |  | X |
Nurturers | Disclosure of status and support | X | Â | Â |
 | Male support and involvement | X |  |  |
 | Family support and infant feeding choice | X |  |  |
 | Family support and ARV adherence | X |  |  |
 | Ensure lineage continuity and posterity |  | X |  |
 | Non-disclosure of seropositive status |  |  | X |
 | Desire not to procreate |  |  | X |
 | Stigma |  |  | X |
 | Family pressure to breastfeed |  |  | X |