Drinking water source and human Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

Table 1 Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence ^a by demographic characteristics for participants ≥6 years old; NHANES 1999–2004, 2009-10 ^b

Variable	N	Prevalence (%)^c	95% CL	P
Overall	23030	2642 (11.7)	10.8,12.6
Continuous NHANES survey year				0.0116
1999-2000	5089	602 (13.3)	11.6,15.1
2001-2002	5751	527 (9.3)	7.1,11.4
2003-2004	5120	434 (10.8)	8.6,13.0
2009-2010	7070	1079 (13.2)	11.9,14.4
Age group (years)				<0.0001
6-12	4274	155 (3.5)	2.5,4.4
13-17	4693	279 (4.6)	3.7,5.6
18-28	4810	488 (9.2)	7.7,10.7
29-43	4799	757 (14.0)	12.4,15.6
44-80	4450	963 (17.7)	16.0,19.4
Gender				0.0133
Male	11239	1402 (12.6)	11.4,13.8
Female	11791	1240 (10.8)	9.8,11.9
Race/ethnicity				<0.0001
Non-Hispanic White	8546	854 (9.9)	8.8,11.0
Non-Hispanic Black	5535	566 (12.6)	10.7,14.5
Mexican American	6441	749 (13.6)	11.7,15.5
Other Hispanic	1490	366 (24.8)	19.7,30.0
Other, incl multi-racial	1018	107 (12.9)	10.1,15.7
Poverty index^d,e				<0.0001
Below	5807	744 (14.3)	12.5,16.1
At or above	15454	1621 (10.9)	9.9,11.8
Country of origin^d				<0.0001
United States	18358	1401 (8.9)	7.9,9.9
Mexico	2661	614 (24.1)	21.4,26.7
Elsewhere	2005	627 (29.2)	25.7,32.7

^aFor Continuous NHANES 1999–2004: IgG ≥10 IU = positive; IgG <10 IU = negative. For Continuous NHANES 2009–2010: IgG ≥33 IU/mL = positive; IgG <33 IU/mL = negative. ^b T. gondii serology performed only among participants ages 6–49 for 1999–2004 data. ^cAll prevalence estimates were weighted. ^dCovariate has some missing data. ^eFamily income-to-poverty ratio (FIPR) categorized as 0.00–0.99 = below poverty; 1.00 and above = at or above poverty.

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