Table 3 Immunization barriers, communication preferences, and service quality, according to six groups of caregivers identifying distinct types of immunization barriers: Colombia, May 2010*
Indicators (agreement with given statement) | Total | Group 1 (n = 1,172) | Group 2 (n = 946) | Group 3 (n = 866) | Group 4 (n = 642) | Group 5 (n = 628) | Group 6 (n = 548) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | % | % | % | % | % | ||
Group 1: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with parents or caregivers | |||||||
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children are long lines at health centers | 42.0 | 62.1 | 31.8 | 56.2 | 23.1 | 23.7 | 37.6 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is lack of time | 29.7 | 68.6 | 20.1 | 6.7 | 30.8 | 11.6 | 19.0 |
My child has an incomplete schedule or has never been vaccinated because I lack the time | 8.4 | 12.3 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 11.4 | 3.8 |
My child has an incomplete schedule or has never been vaccinated due to my negligence (or the negligence of the parents) | 12.6 | 17.8 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 14.3 | 11.5 | 11.8 |
I have forgotten at least one vaccination appointment | 25.5 | 31.1 | 25.5 | 21.0 | 24.1 | 22.4 | 26.0 |
Group 2: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with vaccinators | |||||||
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is the vaccinator’s fear of administering multiple vaccines | 2.6 | 0.0 | 13.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the vaccinator said the child cannot be immunized if the parent has not brought the child’s vaccination card | 5.7 | 3.3 | 11.2 | 1.4 | 10.0 | 5.1 | 3.4 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the vaccinator says the child has the flu and thus cannot be vaccinated | 16.5 | 4.2 | 56.9 | 5.7 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 13.4 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the vaccinator says the child has a fever and thus cannot be vaccinated | 13.4 | 2.1 | 55.2 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.6 | 6.0 |
During my last visit to a health center, the physician reviewed my child’s vaccination card | 79.9 | 82.4 | 80.4 | 81.1 | 71.1 | 79.6 | 82.7 |
Group 3: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with the hospital or health center | |||||||
One reason that parents cannot vaccinate their children is the refusal of health workers to open a vaccine vial without a sufficient number of children | 16.2 | 5.4 | 11.5 | 53.2 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 5.5 |
One reason that parents cannot vaccinate their children is because there are no vaccines available when they take their children to be immunized | 28.1 | 22.3 | 24.6 | 65.4 | 11.1 | 22.0 | 14.6 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because healthcare professionals are unfriendly | 13.3 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 38.7 | 7.4 | 9.2 | 10.5 |
During my last to a health center, I was unable to vaccinate my child because health workers were unwilling to open a vaccine vial for my child due to the lack of a sufficient number of children | 6.9 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 13.1 | 3.4 | 6.7 | 5.2 |
My child has an incomplete schedule or has never been vaccinated because when I took him to be immunized, no vaccines were available* | 18.6 | 22.4 | 15.2 | 20.4 | 11.5 | 24.2 | 15.5 |
Group 4: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with the health care system | |||||||
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is the lack of a vaccination card | 14.6 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 3.2 | 65.5 | 9.5 | 8.4 |
One reason that parents cannot or do not vaccinate their children is the lack of association with the healthcare system (unaffiliated status) | 13.8 | 3.1 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 66.1 | 7.4 | 8.8 |
One reason that parents cannot or do not vaccinate their children is because the vaccination center is far away | 33.4 | 44.1 | 15.9 | 32.9 | 49.7 | 26.2 | 30.4 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is that they have to pay for the vaccines | 14.4 | 7.3 | 12.3 | 19.4 | 24.9 | 11.0 | 17.2 |
During my last attempt to vaccinate my child, I had to travel far to a health center | 19.5 | 26.1 | 19.1 | 14.6 | 18.0 | 17.7 | 17.2 |
Not everyone has access to vaccination services✚ | 7.7 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 9.4 |
Group 5: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with adverse events | |||||||
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the children become sick following vaccination | 22.5 | 28.9 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 21.9 | 53.5 | 17.9 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the husband does not like the children to become sick following vaccination | 9.1 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 35.0 | 5.5 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because they fear giving the child multiple vaccines at once | 9.7 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 47.8 | 8.9 |
My child has an incomplete vaccination schedule or has never been vaccinated because she became sick the last time she was vaccinated | 6.2 | 4.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 5.2 | 6.5 |
Group 6: Caregivers identifying barriers associated with religious and cultural beliefs | |||||||
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because the family does not agree with vaccination | 5.8 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 12.8 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because people living in rural areas do not need vaccines | 5.6 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 37.2 |
One reason that parents do not vaccinate their children is because they have religious and/or cultural beliefs that impede vaccination | 5.9 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 3.2 | 2.5 | 37.4 |
My parents were never vaccinated and they never became sick✚ | 19.0 | 19.4 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 20.4 |
People in rural areas do not vaccines✚ | 13.4 | 11.4 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 18.3 | 13.1 | 14.1 |
Communication indicators | |||||||
Television is the one of the best ways to raise awareness about vaccination | 51.1 | 58.0 | 49.3 | 46.9 | 48.9 | 50.7 | 49.2 |
Talks/workshops in hospitals are one of the best ways to raise awareness about vaccination | 37.3 | 37.9 | 37.2 | 30.7 | 48.9 | 33.0 | 38.2 |
Fliers are one of the best ways to raise awareness about vaccination | 25.4 | 27.1 | 25.1 | 23.0 | 21.3 | 32.4 | 23.0 |
The public’s knowledge of vaccination can be improved with more information and by training the community | 23.8 | 18.8 | 26.5 | 25.6 | 24.1 | 23.8 | 26.9 |
The public’s knowledge of vaccination can be improved by holding talks/workshops in healthcare establishments | 22.4 | 26.2 | 23.6 | 21.2 | 23.2 | 20.4 | 15.0 |
The public’s knowledge of vaccination can be improved by raising awareness of the importance of vaccines | 17.8 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 15.1 | 25.1 | 19.6 | 16.8 |
Service indicators | |||||||
During my last visit to a health center, immunization services were “excellent” or “good” | 85.5 | 79.7 | 88.3 | 83.7 | 89.5 | 90.1 | 86.1 |
Healthcare workers tell me my child’s next vaccination appointment°° | 91.2 | 87.3 | 92.3 | 91.3 | 93.4 | 92.9 | 93.3 |
Healthcare workers tell me which vaccines/boosters my child has received°° | 80.1 | 78.6 | 82.9 | 75.0 | 82.9 | 80.3 | 83.3 |
I need an appointment to vaccinate my child✚ | 40.5 | 32.4 | 32.5 | 43.1 | 57.3 | 41.0 | 47.4 |
All patients are treated equally in health centers✚ | 73.2 | 71.1 | 79.1 | 70.0 | 73.8 | 72.7 | 72.2 |
Children receive the same service regardless of where they are from✚ | 76.0 | 74.5 | 78.7 | 76.2 | 72.4 | 77.5 | 77.1 |