Table 4 Non-adjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of socioeconomic and demographic variables with the dietary patterns identified among 23 to 25-year-old adults of the Ribeirão Preto birth cohort (4th phase: 2002–2004)

Sex

p = 0.011

p = 0.004

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.625

—

Female

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

Male

0.82 (0.71 – 0.96)

0.79 (0.68 – 0.93)

2.99 (1.42 – 3.71)

2.39 (2.04 – 2.80)

4.33 (3.47 – 5.41)

2.96 (2.47 – 3.55)

0.95 (0.78 – 1.16)

—

Skin color

p = 0.009

p = 0.391

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.645

—

p = 0.103

p = 0.103

White

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

Reference

Reference

Black

0.64 (0.37 – 1.10)

0.86 (0.56 – 1.33)

2.66 (1.69 – 4.19)

1.26 (0.95 – 1.67)

1.20 (0.74 – 1.93)

—

1.44 (0.91 – 2.89)

1.44 (0.91 – 2.89)

Mullato

0.70 (0.55 – 0.89)

0.93 (0.77 – 1.14)

2.83 (2.28 – 3.53)

1.41 (1.21 – 1.64)

1.01 (0.80 – 1.26)

—

0.89 (0.71 – 1.12)

0.89 (0.71 – 1.12)

Yellow

0.53 (0.20 – 1.40)

0.49 (0.20 – 1.22)

1.11 (0.45 – 2.74)

1.37 (0.66 – 2.86)

0.60 (0.23 – 1.59)

—

0.45 (0.15 – 1.30)

0.45 (0.15 – 1.30)

Schooling in adulthood (years)

p < 0.001

p = 0.068

p < 0.001

p < 0.001

p = 0.003

p < 0.001

p = 0.539

—

0 – 8

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

9 – 11

1.59 (1.13 – 2.23)

1.34 (0.99 – 1.80)

0.61 (0.47 – 0.79)

0.91 (0.77 – 1.07)

0.62 (0.47 – 0.83)

0.67 (0.55 – 0.82)

0.95 (0.71 – 1.27)

—

≥ 12

2.59 (1.84 – 3.66)

1.51 (1.07 – 2.14)

0.13 (0.09 – 0.18)

0.47 (0.34 – 0.65)

0.79 (0.59 – 1.06)

0.72 (0.56 – 0.93)

0.86 (0.63 – 1.17)

—

Maternal schooling at birth (years)

p < 0.001

p = 0.271

p < 0.001

p = 0.160

p = 0.041

p = 0.165

p = 0.379

—

0 – 4

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

5 – 8

1.35 (1.05 – 1.73)

1.17 (0.95 – 1.42)

0.55 (0.43 – 0.70)

0.84 (0.71 – 1.01)

1.27 (0.99 – 1.63)

1.23 (1.02 – 1.48)

1.10 (0.86 – 1.40)

—

9 – 11

1.61 (1.20 – 2.14)

1.18 (0.93 – 1.49)

0.35 (0.25 – 0.48)

0.85 (0.65 – 1.12)

1.24 (0.93 – 1.66)

1.09 (0.86 – 1.37)

0.91 (0.68 – 1.23)

—

≥ 12

2.20 (1.59 – 3.04)

1.30 (0.97 – 1.73)

0.14 (0.08 – 0.25)

0.72 (0.43 – 1.19)

1.54 (1.10 – 2.14)

1.08 (0.80 – 1.44)

0.81 (0.56 – 1.16)

—

Marital status

p = 0.002

p = 0.475

p = 0.002

p = 0.218

p < 0.001

p = 0.140

p = 0.595

—

Single

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

Married/Cohabiting

0.71 (0.56 – 0.88)

0.93 (0.75 – 1.14)

1.39 (1.13 – 1.72)

0.89 (0.74 – 1.07)

0.66 (0.53 – 0.83)

0.87 (0.72 – 1.05)

0.94 (0.76 – 1.17)

—

Family income in adulthood (MW)

p < 0.001

p = 0.046

p < 0.001

p = 0.090

p < 0.001

p = 0.195

p = 0.372

—

< 3.0

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

3.0 – 4.9

0.77 (0.52 – 1.15)

0.74 (0.54 – 1.02)

0.82 (0.59 – 1.15)

0.93 (0.74 – 1.06)

0.90 (0.61 – 1.33)

0.92 (0.69 – 1.23)

0.83 (0.58 – 1.19)

—

5.0 – 9.9

1.07 (0.74 – 1.55)

0.85 (0.63 – 1.15)

0.52 (0.38 – 0.73)

0.93 (0.75 – 1.15)

1.10 (0.76 – 1.59)

1.06 (0.80 – 1.40)

0.80 (0.57 – 1.13)

—

10.0 – 19.9

1.54 (1.05 – 2.27)

1.02 (0.73 – 1.42)

0.29 (0.20 – 0.43)

0.86 (0.69 – 1.09)

1.10 (0.74 – 1.63)

0.94 (0.68 – 1.29)

0.74 (0.51 – 1.08)

—

≥ 20

2.03 (1.32 – 3.13)

1.08 (0.74 – 1.56)

0.13 (0.07 – 0.23)

0.57 (0.33 – 0.99)

2.07 (1.35 – 3.20)

1.27 (0.90 – 1.81)

0.61 (0.39 – 0.97)

—

Missing

0.78 (0.46 – 1.31)

0.68 (0.44 – 1.03)

0.69 (0.45 – 1.08)

0.99 (0.74 – 1.32)

1.23 (0.76 – 1.99)

1.12 (0.79 – 1.59)

0.91 (0.57 – 1.44)

—

Family income at birth (MW)

p = 0.004

p = 0.787

p < 0.001

p = 0.006

p = 0.020

p = 0.207

p = 0.219

—

≤ 1.0

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

1.1 – 3.0

1.09 (0.78 – 1.52)

0.93 (0.71 – 1.22)

0.78 (0.59 – 1.04)

0.99 (0.83 – 1.19)

1.04 (0.75 – 1.45)

1.00 (0.78 – 1.28)

1.07 (0.79 – 1.47)

—

3.1 – 6.0

1.37 (0.98 – 1.94)

0.95 (0.71 – 1.28)

0.44 (0.32 – 0.62)

0.83 (0.65 – 1.05)

1.03 (0.72 – 1.47)

0.93 (0.71 – 1.2)

1.02 (0.73 – 1.44)

—

6.1 – 10.0

1.35 (0.87 – 2.08)

0.80 (0.56 – 1.15)

0.18 (0.10 – 0.31)

0.57 (0.35 – 0.94)

1.51 (0.99 – 2.30)

1.23 (0.88 – 1.71)

1.00 (0.65 –1.53)

—

> 10.0

2.04 (1.36 – 3.07)

0.98 (0.69 – 1.40)

0.09 (0.05 – 0.18)

0.37 (0.19 – 0.69)

1.76 (1.17 – 2.64)

1.27 (0.91 – 1.75)

0.64 (0.41 –1.01)

—

Missing

1.10 (0.76 – 1.59)

0.89 (0.66 – 1.20)

0.49 (0.35 – 0.69)

0.82 (0.65 – 1.03)

1.22 (0.85 – 1.75)

1.16 (0.87 – 1.51)

0.88 (0.62 – 1.25)

—

Number of people in the household

p = 0.744

—

p = 0.003

p = 0.122

p = 0.137

p = 0.271

p = 0.774

—

1

Reference

—

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

2 – 4

1.26 (0.65 – 2.47)

—

8.54 (1.23 – 59.12)

6.97 (1.02 – 47.57)

0.65 (0.42 – 1.01)

0.73 (0.48 – 1.11)

1.25 (0.64 – 2.43)

—

≥ 5

1.23 (0.62 – 2.42)

—

9.57 (1.38 – 66.38)

7.21 (1.06 – 49.18)

0.71 (0.45 – 1.11)

0.78 (0.51 – 1.20)

1.27 (0.64 – 2.49)

—

Children in the household

p = 0.001

p = 0.435

p < 0.001

p = 0.007

p = 0.921

—

p = 0.365

—

No

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

—

Reference

—

Yes

0.73 (0.61 – 0.88)

0.91 (0.72 – 1.15)

1.50 (1.29 – 1.75)

1.28 (1.07 – 1.55)

0.99 (0.84 – 1.17)

—

0.92 (0.78 – 1.10)

—