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Table 1 Age-adjusted prevalence of short sleep duration by sociodemographic, health behavior and clinical characteristics among 125,610 US Asian and White participants, 2004-2011

From: Asian-White disparities in short sleep duration by industry of employment and occupation in the US: a cross-sectional study

 

Short sleep duration (<7 hours)

White (n)

White (%)

Asian*(n)

Asian (%)

Total (n)

Total (%)

95% CI

95% CI

95% CI

Sample size, short sleepers

33,354

28 (27.8-28.5)

2,607

33 (31.0-34.1)

35,961

28 (27.9-28.6)

Age group, (%)

      

  18-49

18,172

31 (30.6-31.6)

1,611

29 (27.5-31.0)

19,783

31 (30.5-31.5)

  50-64

9,346

29 (28.7-29.9)

637

36 (33.2-39.4)

9,983

30 (29.0-30.2)

  ≥65

5,836

21 (20.6-21.7)

359

32 (28.7-35.3)

6,195

22 (20.9-22.1)

Women

16,041

28 (27.9-28.8)

1,315

32 (30.2-34.4)

18,605

28 (28.0-28.9)

Men

17,313

28 (27.3-28.3)

1,292

33 (30.7-34.8)

17,356

28 (27.5-28.4)

Educational attainment

      

  <High school

10,418

31 (30.0-31.3)

459

32 (28.5-35.1)

10,877

31 (30.0-31.2)

  High school graduate

3,303

36 (34.3-36.8)

202

32 (27.6-36.8)

3,505

35 (34.0-36.5)

  Some college

11,145

30 (29.1-30.4)

651

36 (32.4-38.6)

11,796

30 (29.3-30.5)

  ≥ College

8,488

23 (22.1-23.2)

1,295

32 (29.5-33.9)

9,783

23 (22.7-23.8)

Marital status

      

  Married

15,624

26 (25.8-26.7)

1,416

32 (29.8-33.5)

17,040

27 (26.1-27.0)

  Divorced/separated/widowed

10,868

35 (34.4-35.8)

479

37 (33.9-40.5)

11,347

35 (34.4-35.8)

  Never married

6,791

28 (26.6-28.6)

708

34 (29.3-37.9)

7,499

28 (26.8-28.8)

Non-US born

1,400

27 (25.8-28.8)

1,873

31 (29.5-32.7)

3,273

29 (27.7-29.8)

Living in poverty

3,526

37 (35.5-38.3)

297

35 (29.9-40.3)

3,823

37 (35.4-38.1)

Household income < $35,000

18,223

27 (26.1-27.0)

1,570

32 (30.5-34.4)

19,793

27 (26.4-27.2)

Class of worker

      

  Private wage

24,910

29 (28.7-29.6)

1,989

33 (31.3-35.1)

26,899

29 (28.8-29.7)

  Government

5,286

26 (25.3-26.9)

396

31 (26.7-35.5)

5,682

26 (25.5-27.1)

  Self employed

2,970

25 (24.1-26.0)

200

29 (24.9-33.7)

3,170

25 (24.2-26.2)

Occupation

      

  Professional/management

6,345

25 (24.6-26.1)

705

31 (27.7-33.9)

7,050

26 (24.9-26.3)

  Support services

14,848

27 (26.0-27.0)

1,196

33 (30.7-34.9)

16,044

27 (26.3-27.3)

  Laborers

12,034

32 (31.7-33.0)

689

34 (31.1-36.4)

12,723

32 (31.8-33.0)

Occupation [work hours (≥40 hours/wk)]

      

  Professional/management

4,234

27 (25.6-28.0)

515

37 (31.1-42.0)

4,749

27 (26.0-28.4)

  Support services

6,750

28 (27.0-28.9)

685

37 (33.1-41.7)

7,435

29 (27.5-29.4)

  Laborers

5,643

33 (31.8-34.4)

345

35 (29.6-40.7)

5,988

33 (32.0-34.6)

Industry

      

  Manufacturing/construction

10,628

30 (29.9-31.1)

594

31 (28.6-34.2)

11,222

30 (29.9-31.0)

  Retail

3,763

29 (28.3-30.3)

244

32 (27.7-36.0)

4,007

29 (28.4-30.3)

  Finances/information

2,940

26 (24.7-26.5)

272

38 (32.0-43.9)

3,212

26 (25.2-27.0)

  Profess/admin/man

3,116

26 (25.2-27.5)

331

30 (25.5-35.3)

3,447

26 (25.4-27.6)

  Education

2,814

23 (21.9-23.7)

246

29 (24.7-34.2)

3,060

23 (22.1-23.9)

  Health care

4,201

29 (27.8-29.8)

426

37 (33.0-40.7)

4,627

29 (28.3-30.1)

  Accommodation and food

2,043

33 (31.5-35.3)

185

28 (22.7-32.8)

2,228

33 (30.9-34.6)

  Public administration, arts

3,849

27 (26.4-28.3)

309

34 (31.1-37.5)

4,158

28 (26.7-28.6)

Health behaviors

      

  Smoking status

      

  Never

15,572

26 (25.2-26.2)

1,855

32 (30.4-34.3)

17,427

26 (25.6-26.5)

  Current

8,433

28 (27.2-28.5)

395

33 (30.0-36.6)

8,828

28 (27.4-28.6)

  Former

9,317

34 (33.3-34.9)

354

34 (28.8-38.4)

9,671

34 (33.3-34.8)

 Alcohol consumption

      

  Never

3,799

27 (25.8-27.8)

739

31 (28.2-33.6)

4,538

27 (26.2-28.0)

  Current

19,289

27 (26.7-27.6)

1,142

34 (31.9-36.9)

20,431

27 (26.8-27.8)

  Former

4,878

32 (31.2-33.0)

236

38 (33.0-43.2)

5,114

32 (31.3-33.2)

 Leisure-time physical activity

      

  Never/unable

11,542

31 (30.8-32.1)

868

33 (31.1-35.6)

12,410

31 (30.8-32.1)

  Low

10,778

27 (26.0-27.2)

925

33 (29.9-35.7)

11,703

27 (26.2-27.4)

  High

10,917

27 (26.0-27.1)

809

32 (28.9-34.4)

11,726

27 (26.2-27.3)

Clinical characteristics

      

  Overweight/Obesea

21,921

30 (29.4-30.3)

1,688

36 (33.1-37.9)

23,087

30 (29.5-30.4) c

  Obeseb

10,153

33 (32.0-33.3)

714

38 (32.4-43.2)

10,457

33 (32.2-33.5) c

  Hypertension (yes)

10,901

32 (31.1-32.4)

704

37 (34.0-40.6)

11,605

32 (31.3-32.6)

  Diabetes (yes)

2,892

33 (31.8-34.7)

217

33 (28.0-38.3)

3,109

33 (31.8-34.6)

  Heart disease (yes)

4,469

33 (31.6-33.7)

186

42 (35.8-48.9)

4,655

33 (31.8-33.9)

  Cancer (yes)

3,467

31 (29.4-31.9)

94

30 (23.5-37.2)

3,561

31 (29.4-31.9)

Health status

      

  Excellent/very good

18,680

25 (24.4-25.2)

1,531

31 (28.9-33.1)

20,211

25 (24.6-25.4)

  Good

9,203

31 (30.5-31.9)

781

34 (31.3-36.5)

9,984

31 (30.6-31.9)

  Fair/poor

5,453

40 (38.8-40.9)

293

42 (37.3-47.3)

5,746

40 (38.9-40.9)

Region of country

      

  Northeast

6,204

30 (28.9-30.6)

472

33 (29.4-36.4)

6,676

30 (29.1-30.7)

  Midwest

9,823

28 (27.7-29.3)

352

34 (29.0-38.6)

10,175

29 (27.7-29.3)

  South

11,234

28 (27.8-29.0)

488

32 (27.9-35.7)

11,722

28 (27.8-29.1)

  West

6,093

25 (24.7-26.2)

1,295

32 (30.3-34.6)

7,388

26 (25.5-26.9)

  1. Weighted estimates; n (%).
  2. aOverweight/Obese defined by Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 for Whites and ≥23 kg/m2 for Asians.
  3. bObesity defined by Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2 for Whites and ≥27.5 kg/m2 for Asians.
  4. cRace-specific BMI standards were applied.
  5. *Asian subgroups: Chinese (short sleep prevalence (p) = 23.6% [95% CI: 21.0-26.4]), Asian Indians (p = 23.6% [95% CI: 21.0-26.4]), Filipinos (p = 37.4% [95% CI: 34.7-40.1]) and Other Asians (p = 33.1% [95% CI: 31.0-35.2]).
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