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Table 4 Societal level component costs and data sources from 84 cost of foodborne illness studies published between 1972 and 2012 identified from a scoping review

From: Component costs of foodborne illness: a scoping review

Component costs

Na

Data sourcesb

  

D

L

OC

S

O

C

P

E

M

N/P

N/A

Industry costs

10

3

3

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

   Losses to businesses

13

1

2

-

1

1

-

-

-

2

2

4

     Reduced product demand

7

-

3

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

2

     Advertising to regain customer trust

6

1

2

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

     Losses to food service establishments

5

-

2

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

     Product spoilage

4

-

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

2

   Product recall

11

-

3

1

2

-

-

1

-

1

-

3

   Farm-related costs

3

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

     Herd slaughter

4

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

1

     Farmers compensation

2

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Increased time to market

2

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

   Adjusted manufacturing procedures

9

-

3

-

2

1

-

-

-

1

-

2

   Plant closure and bankruptcy

6

-

2

-

1

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

   Equipment

5

1

2

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

Public health costs

5

2

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

   Outbreak investigation costs

15

-

5

-

4

2

-

-

-

-

-

4

     Laboratory testing

10

1

3

-

1

2

-

-

-

1

-

2

     Personnel

7

-

-

-

1

4

-

-

-

1

-

1

     On-site treatment

3

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

     Clean up (including food destruction)

3

-

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Consumables

3

-

-

-

1

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Administration

2

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Source identification

2

-

-

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Make-shift food services

2

-

-

-

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

     Travel

2

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

-

-

-

   Prevention

6

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

3

     Surveillance (including database creation)

11

2

5

1

1

-

-

-

-

1

-

1

     Educational campaigns

7

-

2

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

2

1

     Research

6

2

1

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

     Vaccination programs

2

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

Legal costs

6

1

1

-

1

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

   Product liability suits

5

-

2

-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

   Insurance-related

4

-

2

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

-

   Victim (individual) settlements

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

   Class action (group) settlements

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

   Out-of-court settlements

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

   Prosecution costs from public funds

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

   Jail sentences

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

Government and regulatory costs

7

2

-

-

1

1

-

-

1

1

-

1

   Regulatory fines and enforcement

6

-

2

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

-

1

   Local authority investigations

5

1

1

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

   Public inquiry

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

   Policy implementation and monitoring

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

Totals

 

22

57

8

23

25

0

4

4

19

4

49

  1. aCounts represent the number of studies reporting each component cost category at the specified level of detail. Therefore, a study that is counted as including a higher-level category (e.g., industry costs) cannot contribute a count to a lower-level category (e.g., product recall) within the same grouping, and vice versa.
  2. bD: Database, L: Literature, OC: Online calculator S: Survey, O: Outbreak data, C: Census, P: Population statistics, E: Expert opinion, M: Multiple, N/P: Not provided, N/A: Not applicable.
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