Table 4 Regional differences in public perceptions and behaviors regarding Q fever in the Netherlands (high, medium, and low incidence regions)
Survey 1 (August 2009) - baseline | Survey 2 (April 2010) - first follow-up | Survey 3 (April 2012)-second follow-up - | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region 1: high incidence (n = 459) | Region 2: medium incidence (n = 491) | Region 3: low incidence (n = 397) | p-valuea | Region 1: high incidence (n = 430) | Region 2: medium incidence (n = 456) | Region 3: low incidence (n = 363) | p-valuea | Region 1: high incidence (n = 354) | Region 2: medium incidence (n = 375) | Region 3: low incidence (n = 277) | p-valuea | |
Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | Meanb | ||||
Knowlegde | ||||||||||||
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.6 | 2.99 | 2.73 | 2.45 | <0.001 | 4.02 | 3.67 | 3.68 | 0.001 | 3.55 | 3.44 | 3.22 | 0.04 |
Perceived severity | ||||||||||||
1. “Q fever is a severe disease” | 3.50 | 3.58 | 3.49 | ns | 3.75 | 3.81 | 3.80 | ns | 3.90 | 3.90 | 3.86 | ns |
2. “Q fever is very harmful for my health” | 3.44 | 3.48 | 3.42 | ns | 3.64 | 3.65 | 3.66 | ns | 3.69 | 3.76 | 3.75 | ns |
3. Severity of getting Q fever coming year | 3.68 | 3.68 | 3.65 | ns | 4.02 | 3.95 | 3.84 | 0.03 | 4.11 | 4.12 | 4.02 | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.7 | 3.54 | 3.58 | 3.52 | ns | 3.80 | 3.81 | 3.77 | ns | 3.90 | 3.93 | 3.88 | ns |
Perceived vulnerability | ||||||||||||
1. Perceived susceptibility for oneself | 2.73 | 2.60 | 2.58 | 0.003 | 2.73 | 2.67 | 2.61 | ns | 2.72 | 2.72 | 2.54 | 0.003 |
2. Perceived chance of getting infected coming year | 2.73 | 2.67 | 2.60 | ns | 2.29 | 2.19 | 2.11 | 0.02 | 2.12 | 2.10 | 1.87 | <0.001 |
Perceived anxiety [scale 1–5] | ||||||||||||
1. Worried about Q fever | 2.25 | 2.18 | 2.10 | 0.02 | 2.47 | 2.31 | 2.30 | 0.004 | 2.25 | 2.18 | 2.06 | 0.02 |
2. Fear for Q fever | 2.16 | 2.09 | 2.07 | ns | 2.29 | 2.22 | 2.18 | ns | 2.20 | 2.14 | 2.03 | 0.03 |
3. Thinking of Q fever | 1.91 | 1.68 | 1.60 | <0.001 | 2.12 | 1.94 | 1.86 | <0.001 | 1.76 | 1.67 | 1.54 | <0.001 |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | 2.11 | 1.98 | 1.92 | <0.001 | 2.29 | 2.15 | 2.12 | <0.001 | 2.07 | 2.00 | 1.88 | 0.001 |
Perceived efficacy [scale 1–5] | ||||||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 3.63 | 3.50 | 3.58 | ns | 3.31 | 3.28 | 3.36 | ns | 3.27 | 3.35 | 3.41 | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 3.63 | 3.63 | 3.66 | ns | 3.90 | 3.91 | 3.96 | ns | 4.04 | 4.11 | 4.15 | ns |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 4.22 | 4.17 | 3.98 | <0.001 | 4.32 | 4.25 | 4.18 | ns | 4.29 | 4.28 | 4.27 | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 3.61 | 3.49 | 3.64 | ns | 3.61 | 3.65 | 3.70 | ns | 3.81 | 3.87 | 3.86 | ns |
5. Wear face mask | 2.68 | 2.57 | 2.73 | ns | 2.83 | 2.79 | 2.95 | ns | 3.22 | 3.27 | 3.39 | ns |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 2.26 | 2.03 | 2.37 | <0.001 | 2.69 | 2.50 | 2.66 | ns | 3.19 | 3.01 | 3.24 | 0.04 |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 3.62 | 3.58 | 3.50 | ns | 3.53 | 3.39 | 3.46 | ns | 3.46 | 3.42 | 3.37 | ns |
8. Take antibiotics | 3.07 | 2.95 | 3.01 | ns | 2.97 | 2.87 | 2.96 | ns | 3.11 | 3.11 | 3.13 | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.7 | 3.34 | 3.24 | 3.31 | 0.03 | 3.39 | 3.34 | 3.40 | ns | 3.55 | 3.55 | 3.60 | ns |
Perceived self-efficacyc [scale 1–5] | ||||||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 4.38 | 4.31 | 4.27 | ns | 4.18 | 4.26 | 4.19 | ns | 4.25 | 4.18 | 4.20 | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 3.57 | 3.73 | 3.90 | <0.001 | 3.55 | 3.78 | 4.02 | <0.001 | 3.58 | 3.81 | 3.99 | <0.001 |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 4.35 | 4.22 | 4.21 | 0.04 | 4.28 | 4.25 | 4.25 | ns | 4.23 | 4.19 | 4.26 | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 3.99 | 3.90 | 3.95 | ns | 3.94 | 3.90 | 4.03 | ns | 3.84 | 3.94 | 4.05 | 0.03 |
5. Wear face mask | 3.13 | 3.07 | 3.27 | ns | 3.02 | 3.00 | 3.27 | 0.003 | 3.07 | 3.12 | 3.31 | 0.04 |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 1.74 | 1.76 | 2.13 | <0.001 | 1.90 | 1.88 | 2.23 | <0.001 | 2.00 | 2.04 | 2.28 | 0.006 |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 4.24 | 4.20 | 4.16 | ns | 4.06 | 4.01 | 4.07 | ns | 4.03 | 4.03 | 4.03 | ns |
8. Take antibiotics | 4.04 | 3.96 | 3.95 | ns | 3.83 | 3.80 | 3.81 | ns | 3.91 | 3.87 | 3.92 | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | 3.68 | 3.64 | 3.73 | ns | 3.60 | 3.61 | 3.73 | 0.008 | 3.62 | 3.65 | 3.76 | 0.04 |
Intentionc [scale 1–5] | ||||||||||||
1. Practice better hygiene | 4.39 | 4.32 | 4.25 | 0.046 | 4.20 | 4.22 | 4.06 | 0.048 | 4.18 | 4.17 | 4.09 | ns |
2. Avoid Q fever affected regions | 3.77 | 3.87 | 3.97 | 0.04 | 3.69 | 3.85 | 3.95 | 0.006 | 3.82 | 4.02 | 4.00 | 0.02 |
3. Avoid contact with goats and sheep | 4.39 | 4.30 | 4.19 | 0.01 | 4.29 | 4.23 | 4.20 | ns | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.18 | ns |
4. Do not use raw dairy products | 4.06 | 3.91 | 3.96 | ns | 3.95 | 3.87 | 3.99 | ns | 3.94 | 4.00 | 3.94 | ns |
5. Wear face mask | 3.14 | 3.03 | 3.14 | ns | 2.92 | 2.94 | 3.17 | 0.01 | 3.06 | 3.12 | 3.17 | ns |
6. Move to place without Q fever | 1.73 | 1.70 | 1.98 | <0.001 | 1.80 | 1.87 | 2.12 | <0.001 | 1.96 | 1.98 | 2.20 | 0.02 |
7. Seek medical consultation with onset of symptoms | 4.23 | 4.15 | 4.12 | ns | 4.01 | 3.99 | 3.95 | ns | 3.92 | 3.89 | 3.85 | ns |
8. Take antibiotics | 3.95 | 3.88 | 3.87 | ns | 3.73 | 3.68 | 3.73 | ns | 3.82 | 3.68 | 3.67 | ns |
Summary score – Chronbach’s alpha 0.8 | 3.71 | 3.65 | 3.69 | ns | 3.57 | 3.58 | 3.64 | ns | 3.62 | 3.64 | 3.64 | ns |