From: The economic burden of angina on households in South Asia
Economic outcome indicators | Bangladesh | India | Nepal | Sri Lanka | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | Angina (any) | Angina (symptom) | Angina (diagnosed) | |
Per person OOP health spending in last four weeks (I$) | 1.55 (0.11) | 1.46 (0.16) | 0.18 (0.91) | 0.73 (0.54) | 0.39 (0.75) | 4.42* (<0.01) | 4.18 (0.06) | 4.26 (0.14) | 2.44 (0.67) | 1.84* (0.01) | 2.93 (0.42) | 4.33 (0.27) |
Per person expenditure on medicine in last four weeks (I$) | 0.38 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.24) | 0.42 (0.47) | 0.35 (0.66) | 0.22 (0.80) | 1.73 (0.16) | 3.19* (0.03) | 3.34 (0.19) | 0.56 (0.88) | 0.86* (<0.01) | 0.05 ( 0.90) | 0.89* (0.05) |
Per person hospitalization expenses in last four weeks (I$) | 0.80 (0.15) | 0.61 (0.35) | -0.33 (0.78) | -0.05 (0.95) | -0.45 (0.52) | 1.55* (0.02) | 0.68 (0.26) | 0.84 (0.13) | 0.20 (0.91) | 0.77 (0.07) | 2.28 (0.53) | 3.71 (0.34) |
Borrowing or selling assets to finance health expenditure in last one year (%) | 3.45 (0.21) | 1.92 (0.57) | -0.77 (0.85) | 4.94* (0.03) | 3.30 (0.21) | 3.87 (0.25) | 3.05 (0.31) | 9.20* (0.03) | 0.40 (0.92) | 8.58* (<0.01) | 10.51* (0.01) | 6.75 (0.14) |
OOP health spending share of total household expenditure at 20% cut-off (%) | 2.87 (0.24) | -1.44 (0.63) | -0.27 (0.94) | 6.34* (<0.01) | 2.29 (0.32) | 11.26* (<0.01) | 5.36* (0.01) | 8.37* (<0.01) | 4.83 (0.09) | 8.50* (<0.01) | 4.98 (0.14) | 8.58* (<0.01) |
OOP health spending share of household’s ‘capacity to pay’ at 40% cut-off (%) | 2.94 (0.28) | 0.49 (0.88) | -4.78 (0.22) | 3.51 (0.11) | -0.24 (0.92) | 8.20* (<0.01) | 5.08* (0.03) | 9.59* (<0.01) | 6.51* (0.03) | 11.09* (<0.01) | 9.85* (0.02) | 8.46* (0.05) |
Ratio of OOP health spending and total household expenditure (%) | 1.47 (0.07) | 0.18 (0.85) | 0.43 (0.70) | 2.27* (<0.01) | 0.91 (0.34) | 4.41* (<0.01) | 2.22* (0.01) | 3.75* (<0.01) | 3.32* (<0.01) | 3.27* (<0.01) | 2.29 (0.06) | 2.99* (0.01) |
Ratio of OOP medicine expenses and total household expenditure (%) | 0.76 (0.22) | 0.29 (0.70) | 0.04 (0.96) | 1.00 (0.11) | -0.03 (0.97) | 1.77 (0.06) | 2.12* (<0.01) | 3.45* (0.01) | 2.34* (0.01) | 1.63* (<0.01) | 0.07 (0.92) | 1.93* (0.01) |
Impoverishment due to OOP health payments (%) | 1.13 (0.53) | -3.47 (0.12) | 1.83 (0.52) | 0.93 (0.50) | 0.46 (0.77) | -0.78 (0.72) | 1.95 (0.22) | 1.89 (0.42) | 2.04 (0.28) | 3.01 (0.07) | 2.32 (0.26) | 4.77* (0.03) |
Employment status of angina-affected individual (%) | 2.06 (0.45) | 0.52 (0.88) | 0.78 (0.85) | -1.29 (0.58) | 2.82 (0.29) | -0.83 (0.80) | -1.00 (0.72) | 2.51 (0.54) | 0.54 (0.88) | 0.62 (0.88) | -4.04 (0.45) | 1.03 (0.85) |
Unemployed due to illness (%) | 1.93* (<0.01) | 1.13 (0.20) | 2.21 (0.08) | 0.40 (0.70) | -0.06 (0.95) | 2.70 (0.07) | 2.03 (0.08) | 1.70 (0.32) | 1.14 (0.44) | 3.31 (0.10) | 3.91 (0.15) | 4.34 (0.13) |
Per person non-medical consumption expenditure in last four weeks (I$) | 7.60 (0.24) | 1.47 (0.72) | 19.27 (0.10) | -2.76 (0.45) | 1.65 (0.38) | 2.77 (0.39) | 5.59* (0.03) | -15.27 (0.08) | 7.47* (0.04) | -4.67 (0.02)* | -2.84 (0.35) | -2.82 (0.26) |
Sample | 1360 | 872 | 647 | 1990 | 1470 | 956 | 1140 | 591 | 638 | 588 | 351 | 317 |