Male model | Female model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 non-violent | Cluster 2 moderately violent | Cluster 3 impulsive-reactive | Cluster 1 non-violent | Cluster 2 reactive | |
Cluster size | 45% | 45% | 10% | 74% | 26% |
Indicators | |||||
Violence is a sign of power and strength | |||||
No | 0.99 | 0.88 | 0.60 | 0.96 | 0.84 |
Yes | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.40 | 0.04 | 0.16 |
It is shameful to walk away from a fight | |||||
No | 0.89 | 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.86 | 0.55 |
Yes | 0.11 | 0.52 | 0.71 | 0.14 | 0.45 |
It is OK to be violent if someone threatens to damage your property | |||||
No | 0.97 | 0.28 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.23 |
Yes | 0.03 | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.08 | 0.77 |
It is OK (or normal) to hit women if you need to teach them a lesson | |||||
No | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.37 | 0.98 | 0.95 |
Yes | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.63 | 0.02 | 0.05 |
I tend just to react physically without thinking | |||||
No | 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.16 | 0.95 | 0.77 |
Yes | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.84 | 0.05 | 0.23 |
It is OK (or normal) to hit someone if they hit you first | |||||
No | 0.88 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.96 | 0.37 |
Yes | 0.12 | 0.57 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.63 |
I enjoy watching violence on TV or in films, violent sports (e.g. boxing) | |||||
No | 0.84 | 0.65 | 0.26 | 0.95 | 0.81 |
Yes | 0.16 | 0.35 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.19 |
When I have hurt people I feel bad or even hate myself for it afterwards | |||||
No | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.22 |
Yes | 0.66 | 0.78 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.78 |
Covariates | |||||
Environment | |||||
Urban | 0.49 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 0.54 | 0.48 |
Rural | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.52 |
Witnesses of family violence between parents in childhood or adolescence | |||||
No | 0.72 | 0.62 | 0.36 | 0.68 | 0.60 |
Yes | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.64 | 0.32 | 0.40 |
Victims of family violence in childhood or adolescence | |||||
No | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.55 | 0.44 |
Yes | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0.45 | 0.56 |