From: BCG coverage and barriers to BCG vaccination in Guinea-Bissau: an observational study
Intervention regions | Control regions | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BCG by 1 month n (%) | OR of early BCG vaccination1 | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI)1 | P-value for the univariate/multivariable analyses | BCG by 1 month n (%) | OR of early BCG vaccination1 | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI)1 | P-value for the univariate/multivariable analyses | |
Gender 2 | 0.492 / 0.662 | 0.099/0.070 | ||||||
Male | 658 (77) | Ref | Ref | 284 (50) | Ref | Ref | ||
Female | 620 (76) | 0.93 (0.75-1.15) | 1.05 (0.84-1.32) | 260 (45) | 0.82 (0.65-1.04) | 0.78 (0.59-1.02) | ||
Age of mother 3 | 0.582 / 0.615 | 0.998/0.979 | ||||||
1.quartile (<21) | 339 (78) | Ref | Ref | 125 (47) | Ref | Ref | ||
2. quartile (21–26) | 244 (78) | 1.01 (0.68-1.49) | 0.95 (0.59-1.53) | 113 (47) | 1.00 (0.69-1.47) | 1.09 (0.69-1.71) | ||
3. quartile (27–31) | 357 (76) | 0.90 (0.64-1.27) | 0.86 (0.60-1.25) | 153 (48) | 1.01 (0.71-1.45) | 1.03 (0.65-1.63) | ||
4. quartile (>31) | 335 (75) | 0.83 (0.59-1.17) | 0.80 (0.53-1.22) | 153 (48) | 1.03 (0.75-1.40) | 1.07 (0.72-1.59) | ||
Education of caretaker 4, 5 | 0.003 / 0.377 | 0.018/0.771 | ||||||
None | 607 (73) | 1.08 (1.03-1.14) | 1.03 (0.96-1.10) | 317 (46) | 1.07 (1.01-1.13) | 0.99 (0.92-1.07) | ||
1-4 years | 323 (79) | 118 (47) | ||||||
5+ years | 270 (83) | 84 (59) | ||||||
Region 6 | <0.001 / 0.002 | 0.003/0.161 | ||||||
Oio | 271 (70) | 0.67 (0.46-0.95) | 0.70 (0.49-1.02) | 81 (40) | 0.49 (0.31-0.77) | 0.67 (0.40-1.09) | ||
Biombo | 528 (81) | 1.21 (0.87-1.68) | 1.34 (0.91-1.98) | 42 (47) | 0.67 (0.41-1.11) | 0.92 (0.56-1.51) | ||
Gabu | NA | NA | 83 (40) | 0.50 (0.31-0.82) | 0.63 (0.36-1.10) | |||
Cacheu | 479 (77) | Ref | Ref | 148 (57) | Ref | Ref | ||
Bafata | NA | NA | 42 (39) | 0.48 (0.27-0.88) | 0.54 (0.30-0.98) | |||
Quinara | NA | NA | 112 (57) | 1.01 (0.59-1.73) | 1.18 (0.68-2.04) | |||
Tombali | NA | NA | 24 (37) | 0.44 (0.17-1.15) | 0.69 (0.26-1.89) | |||
Bubaque | NA | NA | 6 (60) | 1.13 (0.43-2.95) | 1.61 (0.43-6.07) | |||
Bolama | NA | NA | 7 (70) | 1.75 (0.52-5.94) | 1.82 (0.30-10.99) | |||
Ethnic group 7 | 0.109 / NA | <0.001/NA | ||||||
Balanta | 401 (73) | Ref | 124 (41) | Ref | ||||
Mandinga/Fula | 194 (76) | 1.18 (0.81-1.73) | 175 (39) | 0.92 (0.66-1.28) | ||||
Manjaco | 140 (79) | 1.37 (0.79-2.38) | 64 (67) | 2.84 (1.49-5.40) | ||||
Pepel | 426 (81) | 1.60 (1.12-2.27) | 35 (48) | 1.31 (0.80-2.13) | ||||
Other | 115 (74) | 1.07 (0.66-1.73) | 147 (63) | 2.45 (1.65-3.65) | ||||
Contact with the health system | ||||||||
Birth place 8 | 0.369 / 0.515 | <0.001/<0.001 | ||||||
At home | 793 (76) | Ref | Ref | 337 (43) | Ref | Ref | ||
Healthcare centre | 255 (81) | 1.38 (0.95-1.99) | 1.30 (0.83-2.03) | 82 (53) | 1.48 (1.01-2.16) | 1.15 (0.76-1.74) | ||
Hospital | 192 (78) | 1.17 (0.83-1.66) | 0.96 (0.64-1.44) | 106 (62) | 2.18 (1.54-3.08) | 1.81 (1.20-2.73) | ||
Prenatal consultations 9 | 0.410 / 0.504 | 0.057/0.558 | ||||||
Yes | 1093 (79) | 1.16 (0.81-1.66) | 0.86 (0.55-1.34) | 460 (49) | 1.55 (0.99-2.44) | 1.20 (0.71-2.05) | ||
No | 124 (76) | Ref | Ref | 42 (38) | Ref | Ref | ||
Socioeconomics | ||||||||
Type of roof 10 | 0.048 / 0.128 | <0.001/<0.001 | ||||||
Straw | 493 (74) | Ref | Ref | 151 (37) | Ref | Ref | ||
Hard | 777 (79) | 1.35 (1.00-1.83) | 1.28 (0.93-1.77) | 386 (54) | 1.97 (1.50-2.58) | 1.74 (1.30-2.32) | ||
Toilet 11 | 0.039 / 0.188 | 0.136/0.706 | ||||||
None | 445 (74) | Ref | Ref | 100 (44) | Ref | Ref | ||
Latrine/ toilet in house | 819 (79) | 1.32 (1.01-1.73) | 1.24 (0.90-1.71) | 439 (49) | 1.23 (0.94-1.62) | 0.93 (0.67-1.30) | ||
Household possessions | ||||||||
Cell phone 12 | 0.011 / 0.136 | 0.009/0.347 | ||||||
Yes | 747 (80) | 1.38 (1.08-1.78) | 1.25 (0.93-1.66) | 311 (51) | 1.39 (1.08-1.79) | 1.15 (0.84-1.55) | ||
No | 501 (74) | Ref | Ref | 221 (43) | Ref | Ref | ||
Radio 13 | 0.183 / 0.303 | 0.159/0.841 | ||||||
Yes | 958 (78) | 1.21 (0.91-1.59) | 1.17 (0.87-1.56) | 422 (49) | 1.24 (0.92-1.67) | 1.05 (0.75-1.48) | ||
No | 295 (74) | Ref | Ref | 109 (43) | Ref | Ref | ||
Generator 14 | 0.020 / 0.083 | 0.234/0.636 | ||||||
Yes | 149 (83) | 1.51 (1.07-2.13) | 1.46 (0.95-2.24) | 53 (53) | 1.27 (0.86-1.87) | 0.89 (0.54-1.47) | ||
No | 1115 (76) | Ref | Ref | 485 (47) | Ref | Ref |