Table 2 Comparison of baseline characteristics between children in bottled and municipal water cohorts
From: Burden of childhood diseases and malnutrition in a semi-urban slum in southern India
Bottled water | Municipal water | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
(n=90) | (n=86) | ||
Male child | 47 (52.1%) | 48 (55.8%) | 0.633 † |
Nuclear family | 43 (47.8%) | 40 (46.5%) | 0.866 † |
Hindu religion | 64 (71.1%) | 33 (38.4%) | <0.001 † |
Mean (SD) birth weight (in kg) * | 2.9 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.5) | 0.786 |
Normal vaginal delivery | 77 (85.6%) | 77 (89.5%) | 0.425 † |
Birth in a hospital/health-care facility | 89 (98.9%) | 84 (97.7%) | 0.614 § |
Median (IQR) age (in months) at introduction of supplementary feeding | 4.2 (3.1-5.1) | 5.2 (3.8-6.0) | <0.001 ‡ |
Median (IQR) family size | 5 (4–7) | 6 (5–7) | 0.043 ‡ |
Presence of siblings | 56 (62.2%) | 63 (73.3%) | 0.118 † |
Mean (SD) age of the mother (in years) | 24.3 (3.5) | 24.0 (3.3) | 0.664 Δ |
Education of the head of the household: | |||
No formal education | 28 (31.1%) | 37 (43.0%) | 0.043 † |
Up to primary school (5 years) | 14 (15.6%) | 21 (24.4%) | |
Middle School (6–8 years) | 24 (26.7%) | 16 (18.6%) | |
High school and above (>8 years) | 24 (26.7%) | 12 (14.0%) | |
Education of the mother: | |||
No formal education | 13 (14.4%) | 26 (30.2%) | 0.019 † |
Up to primary school (5 years) | 11 (12.2%) | 16 (18.6%) | |
Middle School (6–8 years) | 26 (28.9%) | 20 (23.3%) | |
High school and above (>8 years) | 40 (44.4%) | 24 (27.9%) | |
Presence of cow in the house | 6 (6.7%) | 8 (9.3%) | 0.518 † |
Presence of any animal in the house | 22 (24.4%) | 28 (32.6%) | 0.233 † |
Living in a “kutcha” house | 22 (24.4%) | 12 (13.9%) | 0.078 † |
Low socio-economic status | 65 (72.2%) | 52 (60.5%) | 0.099 † |
Firewood as the primary cooking mode | 39 (43.3%) | 51 (59.3%) | 0.034 † |
Presence of a functional toilet within the house ¶ | 52 (62.7%) | 50 (61.0%) | 0.825 † |
Good household hygiene | 12 (13.3%) | 35 (40.7%) | <0.001 † |