Table 1 Associations between the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, and diabetes self-management education program utilization
| Â | Â | Diabetes self-management education program attendees | Diabetes self-management education program non-attendees | Unadjusted p-value | Adjusted relative risk | Adjusted p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 9,899) % | (n = 39,131) % | (95% CI) | ||||
Age | 18-44 | 1,884 (19.7) | 6,564 (17.7) | <0.001 | 1.00 | <Ref |
45-54 | 2,330 (24.4) | 8,008 (21.7) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.177 | ||
55–64 | 2,599 (27.2) | 9,420 (25.5) | 0.89 (0.85–0.94) | <0.001 | ||
65-79 | 2,362 (24.7) | 10,085 (27.3) | 0.79 (0.75–0.84) | <0.001 | ||
80+ | 393 (4.1) | 2,908 (7.9) | 0.52 (0.47–0.57) | <0.001 | ||
Female sex |  | 4,453 (46.5) | 17,296 (46.8) | 0.695 | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | 0.078 |
Socioeconomic status | Lowest | 1,956 (20.4) | 8,379 (22.7) | <0.001 | 1.00 | <Ref |
2 | 1,940 (20.3) | 8,194 (22.2) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 0.757 | ||
3 | 1,982 (20.7) | 7,434 (20.1) | 1.08 (1.03–1.15) | 0.003 | ||
4 | 1,928 (20.2) | 6,912 (18.7) | 1.11 (1.05–1.18) | <0.001 | ||
Highest | 1,762 (18.4) | 6,066 (16.4) | 1.13 (1.07–1.20) | <0.001 | ||
Recent immigrant | 541 (5.7) | 3,658 (9.9) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.55–0.65) | <0.001 | |
Rural residence |  | 1,692 (17.7) | 3,684 (10.0) | <0.001 | 1.59 (1.52–1.66) | <0.001 |
Primary care visits in year prior to diagnosis | 0 | 627 (6.6) | 2,624 (7.1) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | <0.001 |
1–6 | 5,998 (62.7) | 21,397 (57.9) |  | 1.00 | <Ref | |
7–12 | 2,189 (22.9) | 8,943 (24.2) |  | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.047 | |
13+ | 754 (7.9) | 4,021 (10.9) |  | 0.79 (0.74–0.85) | <0.001 | |
Diabetes diagnosed during a hospitalization | 591 (6.2) | 2,726 (7.4) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.301 | |
Previous cardiac event | 367 (3.8) | 1,659 (4.5) | 0.005 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.272 | |
Mental health condition | 2,805 (29.3) | 11,548 (31.2) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.006 | |
Medical comorbidity | 499 (5.2) | 2,592 (7.0) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) | 0.010 | |