Metabolic abnormalities in adult HIV infected population on antiretroviral medication in Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey

Table 2 Risk factors for increased triglyceride (TG) in 1579 HIV subjects (normal = 646, increased TG = 933) on ARV medication

Characteristics	Normal	Increased triglyceride	aOR	95.0 C.I. for OR		p-value
	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.		Lower	Upper
	N (%)	N (%)		Lower	Upper
Age (per year)	43.41 ± 10.51	45.14 ± 9.36	1.018	1.008	1.029	0.001
Gender
Male	484 (74.9)	788 ( 84.5)	1.00
Female	162 (25.1)	145 ( 15.5)	0.550	0.428	0.707	0.001
Ethnicity
Indian	62 (9.7)	96 (10.3)	1.00
Malay	190 (29.8)	199 (21.4)	0.676	0.464	0.985	0.042
Chinese	386 (60.5)	635 (68.3)	1.062	0.754	1.498	0.730
Hypertension
No	515 (82.4)	670 (75.5)	1.00
Yes	110 (17.6)	217 (24.5)	1.516	1.173	1.960	0.010
ARV medication
Without PI	591 (93.6)	786 (85.9)	1.00
With PI	42 (6.4)	129 (14.1)	2.309	1.605	3.324	0.001
b-Blocker
Not taking	620 (96.0)	872 (93.5)
Taking	26 (4.0)	61 (6.5)	1.668	1.042	2.670	0.033
Anti-hyperglycaemic agent
Taking	45 (7.0)	103 (11.0)
Not taking	601 (93.0)	830 (89.0)	0.603	0.419	0.870	0.006
Diabetes mellitus
No	565 (77.5)	765 (82.0)	1.00
Yes	81 (12.5)	186 (18.0)	1.532	1.150	2.040	0.004
TC (mmol/l)	5.05 ± 1.00	5.43 ± 1.40	1.281	1.179	1.392	0.001
<5.17	363 (56.2)	361 (38.7)	1.00
≥5.17	283 (59.1)	571 (40.9)	2.029	1.655	2.487	0.001
HDL (mmol/l)	1.43 ± 0.44	1.24 ± 0.61	0.485	0.384	0.612	0.001
Normal^§	551 (85.3)	576 (61.8)	1.00
Low	95 (14.7)	356 (38.2)	3.585	2.779	4.625	0.001
FPG (mmol/l)	5.52 ± 1.37	5.91 ± 1.95	1.166	1.084	1.253	0.001
Normal	432 (68.7)	519 (57.2)	1.00
High	197 (31.3)	389 (42.8)	1.644	1.327	2.035	0.001
Alcohol
Not Taking	635 (98.3)	892 (95.6)	1.00
Taking	11 (1.7)	41 (4.4)	2.653	1.353	5.202	0.004
Hepatitis
No	546 (84.5)	844 (90.5)
Yes	100 (15.5)	89 (9.5)	0.576	0.424	0.781	0.001

^§ ≥ 1.03 ( Male) and ≥ 1.30 (Female). ARV: Antiretroviral. Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CD4, HIV RNA Load, TC, LDL, HDL, FPG, alcohol consumption, smoking, liver disease, medication with agents including ARV (PI), b-blocker, anti-hyperglycemic. aOR Adjusted odds ratio.

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