Joint predictability of health related quality of life and leisure time physical activity on mortality risk in people with diabetes

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

	Total	Deceased	Survived	P-value^b
N	701	121	580
Age (years)	60.6 ± 0.44	66.2 ± 1.02	59.4 ± 0.47	<0.001
Sex (% female)	46.9	40.5	48.3	0.119
Education^a (%)				0.001
≥ 0 and < 7 years	59.7	73.6	56.7
≥ 7 years	40.3	26.4	43.3
Smoking (% current)	23.1	28.1	22.1	0.152
Body mass index^a (kg/m²)	25.1 ± 0.16	24.2 ± 0.45	25.2 ± 0.17	0.022
Duration of diabetes^a (years)	7.4 ± 0.29	11.6 ± 0.85	6.5 ± 0.29	<0.001
Using insulin^a (% yes)	14.2	21.5	12.7	0.011
Heart disease^a (% yes)	24.9	35.8	22.5	0.002
Hypertension^a (% yes)	44.3	57.5	41.6	0.001
Dyslipidaemia^a (% yes)	37.9	32.4	39.0	0.204
Stroke^a (% yes)	6.9	18.5	4.5	<0.001
Leisure time physical activity (%)				0.004
Inactive	43.5	56.2	40.9
Intermediate	35.7	31.4	36.6
Regular	20.8	12.4	22.6
SF-36
Physical function	75.1 ± 1.01	58.3 ± 2.76	78.6 ± 1.01	<0.001
Role: physical	59.7 ± 1.72	36.6 ± 4.19	64.5 ± 1.83	<0.001
Bodily pain index	69.3 ± 0.97	59.5 ± 2.47	71.3 ± 1.03	<0.001
General health perceptions	48.4 ± 0.78	41.0 ± 1.93	49.9 ± 0.84	<0.001
Vitality	57.6 ± 0.83	50.1 ± 1.96	59.2 ± 0.91	<0.001
Social functioning	77.9 ± 0.91	67.7 ± 2.57	80.1 ± 0.93	<0.001
Role: emotional	65.5 ± 1.66	54.5 ± 4.30	67.8 ± 1.78	0.005
Mental health index	68.4 ± 0.76	65.2 ± 1.89	69.0 ± 0.83	0.060
Physical component summary	40.3 ± 0.54	31.2 ± 1.45	42.2 ± 0.55	<0.001
Mental component summary	47.2 ± 0.43	46.5 ± 1.11	47.4 ± 0.47	0.450

^aThere were missing data.
^bContinuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test and shown as means ± standard errors. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test and shown as a percentage of the total.

ISSN: 1471-2458