Table 1 Prevalence and determinants of off-label medicine use, KiGGS 2003-2006
From: Off-label medicine use in children and adolescents: results of a population-based study in Germany
Children with drug use (n = 8,899) | Children with off-label medicine use of ≥ 1 preparation (n = 3,610) | Children with excl. in-label medicine use (n = 4.334) | Children with excl. not-attributable medicine use (n = 955) | Children with off-label vs. excl. in-label medicine use (n = 7,808) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
Total | 8,899 | 50.8 | (49.5-52.2) | 40.2 | (38.8-41.5) | 48.7 | (47.3-50.2) | 11.1 | (10.3-12.0) | |||
Sex | .015 | |||||||||||
Boys | 4,362 | 48.7 | (47.2-50.3) | 41.4 | (39.7-43.1) | 46.2 | (44.5-47.9) | 12.4 | (11.3-13.6) | 1.13 | (1.03-1.25) | |
Girls | 4,537 | 53.1 | (51.5-54.7) | 38.9 | (37.1-38.8) | 51.2 | (49.3-53.2) | 9.8 | (8.9-10.9) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Age group | < .001 | |||||||||||
0 - 2 years | 2,089 | 74.9 | (72.9-76.9) | 42.4 | (39.8-45.1) | 53.1 | (50.3-55.9) | 4.5 | (3.5-5.8) | 1.45 | (1.24-1.69) | |
3 - 6 years | 1,939 | 51.1 | (48.8-53.3) | 48.7 | (46.1-51.4) | 39.7 | (37.2-42.2) | 11.6 | (10.0-13.4) | 2.08 | (1.79-2.41) | |
7 - 10 years | 1,718 | 42.6 | (40.4-44.8) | 41.3 | (38.9-43.8) | 45.7 | (43.3-48.1) | 13.0 | (11.4-14.8) | 1.52 | 1.31-1.78) | |
11 - 13 years | 1,289 | 42.4 | (40.1-44.7) | 36.9 | (34.0-40.0) | 46.5 | (43.1-49.8) | 16.6 | (14.3-19.2) | 1.36 | (1.15-1.60) | |
14 - 17 years | 1,864 | 50.7 | (49.5-52.2) | 32.5 | (30.2-34.8) | 56.1 | (53.6-58.8) | 11.4 | (9.9-13.1) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Region | .355 | |||||||||||
East | 2,881 | 51.7 | (49.2-54.2) | 40.3 | (38.3-42.4) | 50.1 | (47.9-52.2) | 9.6 | (8.7-10.7) | 1.06 | (0.93-1-19) | |
West | 6,018 | 50.7 | (49.2-52.2) | 40.1 | (38.5-41.7) | 48.5 | (46.8-50.2) | 11.4 | (10.5-12.4) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Urbanity | .022 | |||||||||||
Rural area | 1,985 | 50.5 | (47.8-53.1) | 36.5 | (33.4-39.8) | 54.5 | (51.0-58.0) | 8.9 | (7.1-11.1) | 0.83 | (0.69-1.00) | |
Small city | 2,314 | 50.9 | (48.3-53.5) | 42.0 | (39.0-45.0) | 47.3 | (44.6-49.6) | 10.8 | (9.3-12.4) | 1.10 | (0.92-1.30) | |
Medium-sized city | 2,561 | 50.7 | (48.2-53.3) | 41.6 | (39.4-43.8) | 47.3 | (45.2-49.4) | 11.1 | (10.0-12.4) | 1.07 | (0.91-1.24) | |
Large city | 2,039 | 51.2 | (48.4-53.9) | 39.1 | (36.8-41.5) | 47.9 | (45.1-50.8) | 12.9 | (11.2-14.9) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Migrant background | .954 | |||||||||||
Yes | 1,071 | 41.4 | (38.8-44.2) | 35.8 | (32.6-39.1) | 44.1 | (40.5-47.8) | 20.1 | (17.5-22.9) | 0.99 | (0.82-1.21) | |
No | 7,788 | 52.8 | (51.5-54.1) | 40.9 | (39.4-42.3) | 49.5 | (48.0-51.1) | 9.6 | (8.8-10.4) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Missing | 40 | |||||||||||
Social status | .157 | |||||||||||
Low | 2,249 | 47.1 | (45.0-49.2) | 39.1 | (36.6-41.7) | 47.0 | (44.4-49.7) | 13.9 | (12.1-15.8) | 0.91 | (0.78-1.07) | |
Middle | 4,083 | 51.2 | (49.7-52.7) | 39.9 | (37.9-41.9) | 50.4 | (48.3-52.5) | 9.7 | (8.6-10.8) | 0.90 | (0.80-1.00) | |
High | 2,403 | 55.1 | (53.0-57.3) | 42.5 | (40.4-44.7) | 47.6 | (45.4-49.8) | 9.9 | (8.5-11.4) | 1(Referenz) | ||
Missing | 164 | |||||||||||
Parents’ rated subjective health status | < .001 | |||||||||||
Excellent | 3,261 | 47.2 | (45.4-48.9) | 38.2 | (36.1-40.3) | 51.7 | (49.6-53.8) | 10.1 | (9.1-11.2) | 0.71 | (0.58-0.88) | |
Good | 4,840 | 52.1 | (50.6-62.9) | 41.2 | (39.4-42.9) | 47.1 | (45.3-49.0) | 11.7 | (10.5-13.0) | 0.89 | (0.73-1.07) | |
Moderate/Bad/Very Bad | 798 | 60.0 | (49.5-52.2) | 41.7 | (37.9-45.6) | 46.7 | (42.8-50.7) | 11.6 | (9.3-14.3) | 1(Referenz) | ||