Table 2 Formative research for HIV interventions for black MSM

Formative Research and Intervention Development

Jagantha (2011)

NA

California

Harnessing Online Peer Education (HOPE)

Community Population Opinion Leader Model

Training of peer leaders in HIV prevention education and behavior change to interact with participants on a Facebook group.

Pre-post questionnaire, activity log, content analysis of Facebook discussion, and interviews

Evaluation results not included in article

Hightow-Weidman (2011)

NA

North Carolina

HEALTHMPOWERMENT.ORG

Institute of Medicine’s Integrated Model of Behavior Theory

Formative research for website development

3 focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and two rounds of usability testing

1. Website development was an iterative process 2. Usability testing suggests that site is high rates of satisfaction, content acceptability, and usability

Wu (2010)

8 couples with at least one African American partner per couple

New York

Pilot version of Connect with Pride

Theory of Behavior Change

Formative research for intervention adaptation

6 focus group discussions

1. Developed a relationship-oriented framework for sexual risk behavior for African American, methamphetamine-involved male couples 2. Adapted Couples an intervention for heterosexual couples for African American couples by adapting and revising activities

Williams (2009)

58 African American MSMW

Los Angeles

Men of African Legacy Empowering Self (MAALES)

Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior, Empowerment Theory, Critical Thinking and Cultural Affirmation Model

Formative research for intervention adaptation

9 focus group discussions, 20 individual interviews, and a pilot intervention session

1. Developed a culturally congruent intervention for African American MSMW 2. Early evaluation and case studies indicate high level of participant satisfaction and favorable outcomes