Table 1 Key characteristics and demographics of investment case study sites

Description

Rural province in Philippines, with poor MNCH Outcomes and low fiscal capacity. Limited availability of delivery facilities and existing facilities are poorly supplied. Large proportion of births occurs unassisted at home.

Rural province in Philippines, with poor MNCH Outcomes, higher fiscal capacity and lower population than Northern Samar. Limited availability of delivery facilities and existing facilities are poorly supplied. Large proportion of births occurs unassisted at home.

Urban city in Philippines with relatively low mortality, but high levels of inequity in access. Large number of private facilities, but concerns about quality of care. Heavy load on public facilities from most disadvantaged population.

Rural district on coast of East Nusa Tenggara province. Government has low fiscal capacity; population itself has low levels of education and high levels of poverty. ~10% of population live on isolated islands. Malaria is endemic.

Rural district within Papua Province. Very remote with a high cost of living and limited access to clean water. ~50% of population live in difficult to access mountainous regions. Malaria is endemic.

Urban city within West Java province with a very high population density. Government has low fiscal capacity, and a significant private sector exists. Traditional birth attendants still account for notable proportion of births.

Capital City of West Kalimantan province. Large private sector, with significant number of private midwives. Health knowledge of population is poor, and levels of vaccination have dropped due to recent scare involving adverse effects.

Rural, but not remote, coastal district in Orissa. Poor, with ~67% considered to have a low standard of living. Climatically vulnerable, with access to health services impeded on a seasonal basis. Considered typical of rural districts in coastal areas of Orissa.

Remote, heavily forested tribal district in Orissa. Poor, with ~88% of population considered to have low standard of living. Sparse population and security issues inhibit access to health services. Malaria is endemic. Considered typical of tribal areas of Orissa.

Cluster of disadvantaged districts within the Terai ecoregion. More densely populated than other ecoregions, with fewer access problems.

Cluster of disadvantaged districts within the Hills ecoregion. Significant impact of ten year civil conflict in this cluster

Cluster of disadvantaged districts within Mountain ecoregion. Sparsely populated, with many areas only accessible by air or foot.

Population

670000

440000

410000

300000

192000

642000

522000

1410000

820000

5680000

2340000

860000

(1)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(7)

(8)

(8)

(8)

MMR (per 100 000 live births)

160

160

80

228

228

228

228

303

303

281

281

281

(9)Provincial estimate

(10)Provincial estimate

(2)City estimate

(11)National estimate

(11)National estimate

(11)National estimate

(11)National estimate

(12)State estimate

(12)State estimate

(13)National estimate

(13)National estimate

(13)National estimate

NMR (per 1000 live births)

22

22

17

31

24

19

23

45.4

45.4

26

54

74

(14)Region 8 estimate

(14)Region 8 estimate

(2)City estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(15)State estimate

(15)State estimate

(13)Cluster estimate

(13)Cluster estimate

(13)Cluster estimate

U5MR (per 1000 live births)

68

43

28

80

64

59

49

90.6

90.6

89.3

110

168.5

(9)Provincial Estimate

(16)Provincial estimate

(2)City estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(11)Provincial estimate

(15)State estimate

(15)State estimate

(13)Cluster estimate

(13)Cluster estimate

(13)Cluster estimate