From: Development, scoring, and reliability of the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS)
Subscale | # items (range of scores) | Sample items* and overall subscale description | Mean (SD) | ICC, % agreement | Range of item ICCs or Kappas |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land Use and Destinations Subscales | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Positive Subscales | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Residential Mix (weighted residential density) | 4 (0–3) | Single family homes, apartments/condominiums, apartments above street retail | 1.34 (.64) | .577, 80.0% | .292 (retirement/senior living facilities) - .776 |
Commercial-Shops | 10 (0–11) | Food-related land uses, retail and service-oriented land uses and shopping centers | 1.37 (2.25) | .873, 74.2% | .407 -.842 |
Commercial-Restaurants/Entertainment | 4 (0–6) | Food-related uses (fast food, sit-down, café), entertainment | .799 (1.31) | .842, 81.3% | .765-.796 |
Institutional/Services-Professional Services | 3 (0–6) | Bank/credit union, health-related professional, other services | 1.26 (1.54) | .849, 75.3% | .743-.808 |
Institutional/Services-Religious, Schools (each a single item) | 1 each (0–2 each) | Government or community land use: Place of worship; school | N/A | Religious: .712 Schools: .722 | Same as subscales |
Government Services | 4 (0–4) | Health or social services, library/museums, post office, senior center | .135 (.436) | .652, 91.4% | .279 (senior center) -.798 |
Parking Structures (positive influence on PA) | 2 (0–2) | No parking facilities present, parallel/angled on-street parking | 1.61 (.79) | .736, 80.0% | -.011 (no parking) -.689 |
Recreational Land Use-Public Recreation Facilities | 4(0–3) | Community garden, public indoor, public outdoor pay, public park | .179 (.466) | .717, 91.6% | .497-.679 |
Recreational Land Use-Private Recreation Facilities | 2 (0–2) | Private indoor, private outdoor | .097 (.34) | .696, 95.5% | .659-.704 |
DLU Commercial (an interim subscale, may be used independently, but not included in overall scores) | 3 subscales (0–21) | Sum of shops, restaurant/entertainment, and services subscales. Subscale created to reflect most common pedestrian destinations. Not included in overall positive subscale. | 3.39 (4.40) | .889, 50.3% | See above |
DLU Overall Positive Subscale | 10 subscales (2–24) | Sum of subscales: residential mix, shops, restaurants/entertainment, services, government services, religious, schools, positive parking, public recreation, and private recreation. | 7.08 (4.51) | .855, 43.8% | See above |
Negative Subscale | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Adverse Land Uses: Industrial, Abandoned Lot/Building, Surface Parking Lot or Garage **ALSO IS DLU Overall Negative | 6 (0–7) | Warehouse/factory/industrial, abandoned building, large parking facilities | 1.17 (1.24) | .610, 96.3% | -.029 (abandoned building)-.659 |
Overall Subscale | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
DLU Overall Subscale Score | 2 subscales (0–21) | DLU Overall Positive subscale – Adverse Land Uses subscale | 5.91 (4.71) | .801, 37.7% | See above |
Streetscape Subscales | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Positive Elements Subscale | 18 (0–10) | Transit stops, posted speed limit, pedestrian signage, street amenities (e.g., working telephone, trash bins) | 3.70 (2.16) | .741, 49.8% | .395 (presence of kiosks or info booths) - .838 |
Negative Elements Subscale | 5 (0–4) | High speed limits, roll-over curbs, driveways | 1.69 (.876) | .742, 70.1% | .433-.814 |
Overall Streetscape Score | 2 subscales (−3 – 10) | Positive Streetscape Elements subscale– Negative Streetscape Elements subscale | 2.01 (2.66) | .762, 45.7% | See above |
Aesthetics and Social Subscales | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Positive Aesthetics and Social Subscale | 5 (0–5) | Public art, landscaping maintenance | 2.08 (1.09) | .632, 48.7% | .391 (signage for commercial destinations or parks) -.689 |
Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscale | 14 (0–8) | Graffiti, physical disorder, broken windows | 1.91 (1.81) | .514, 36.6% | .088 (social disorder (dichot: none vs. any) -.665 |
Overall Aesthetics and Social Score | 2 subscales (−8 – 5) | Positive Aesthetics and Social -Negative Aesthetics and Social Subscales | 0.18 (2.52) | .580, 29.5% | See above |
Total Route Score | 3 overall subscales (−2 – 33) | Sum of 3 overall scores | 7.94 (8.18) | .816, 17.4% | See above |