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Table 1 Demographic characteristics, health promoting behaviors and alcohol, betel-nut and cigarette consumption

From: Alcohol, betel-nut and cigarette consumption are negatively associated with health promoting behaviors in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study

Variables

Alcohol

Betel-nut

Cigarette

 

Consumption N (%)

 

Less1/Regular2

Less1/Regular2

Less1/Regular2

Mean, median, range

23, 20, 12 ~ 71

24, 21, 13 ~ 65

21, 20, 10 ~ 71

Gender

χ 2 =906.7***

χ 2 =1077.1***

χ 2 =1636.4***

  Female

2880 (83.7) 560 (16.3)

3394 (97.8) 75 (2.2)

3283 (94.8) 180 (5.2)

  Male

1160 (46.8) 1319 (53.2)

1780 (67.3) 866 (32.7)

1332 (49.8) 1341 (50.2)

Educational level

χ 2 =267.6***

χ 2 =147.7***

χ 2 =131.8***

  <=middle school

2542 (76.8) 770 (23.2)

2849 (82.5) 606 (17.5)

2652 (76.7) 804 (23.3)

  =high school

658 (54.2) 557 (45.8)

1002 (79.4) 260 (20.6)

810 (63.7) 462 (36.3)

  > = college

807 (59.6) 546 (40.4)

1288 (94.8) 70 (5.2)

1124 (82.3) 242 (17.7)

Age (years)

χ 2 =257.5***

χ 2 =29.1***

χ 2 =57.0***

  20 ~ 39

1229 (59.1) 852 (40.9)

1826 (86.6) 283 (13.4)

1541 (72.5) 585(27.5)

  40 ~ 64

1683 (66.9) 832 (33.1)

2167 (81.7) 484 (18.3)

1945 (73.4) 705 (26.6)

  65~

1138 (85.1) 200 (14.9)

1193 (87.0) 178 (13.3)

1141 (82.9) 235 (17.1)

Economic status3

χ 2 =20.7***

χ 2 =36.9***

χ 2 =16.1***

  Good

80 (70.8) 33 (29.2)

103 (88.8) 13 (11.2)

93 (80.2) 23 (19.8)

  Fair/not bad

3091 (66.8) 1537 (33.2)

4092 (85.9) 673 (14.1)

3646 (76.2) 1137 (23.8)

  Poor/bad

795 (73.8) 282 (26,2)

892 (78.8) 240 (21.2)

802 (70.8) 330 (29.2)

Physical activity4

χ 2 =8.3**

χ 2 =15.5***

χ 2 =14.1***

  Not often

2138 (69.9) 919 (30.1)

2630 (82.8) 545 (17.2)

2332 (73.2) 853 (26.8)

  Often

1912 (66.5) 965 (33.5)

2556 (86.6) 400 (13.5)

2295 (77.4) 672 (22.6)

Vegetable and fruit

χ 2 =34.1***

χ 2 =25.5***

χ 2 =50.6***

  Not often

3506 (67.2) 1709 (32.8)

4536 (84.0) 863 (16.0)

4019 (74.2) 1400 (25.8)

  Often

447 (79.3) 117 (20.7)

528 (92.0) 46 (8.0)

502 (87.6) 71 (12.4)

Dental check-up

χ 2 =27.2***

χ 2 =51.6***

χ 2 =23.7***

  Not regular

2158 (71.4) 863 (28.6)

2583 (81.8) 574 (18.2)

2309 (73.0) 852 (27.0)

  Regular5

1584 (64.8) 859 (35.2)

2203 (88.7) 280 (11.3)

1963 (78.6) 533 (21.4)

Tooth brush

χ 2 =0.4

χ 2 =38.4***

χ 2 =19.3***

  Incorrect

2967 (68.0) 1395 (32.0)

3754 (82.9) 775 (17.1)

3356 (73.8) 1193 (26.2)

  Correct

1083 (68.9) 489 (31.1)

1432 (89.4) 170 (10.6)

1271 (79.3) 332 (20.7)

Tooth brush6

t value = 5.4***

t value = 7.0***

t value = 8.2***

  (mean, sd)

1.82 (0.7) 1.69 (0.6)

1.80 (0.7) 1.60 (0.7)

1.82 (0.7) 1.62 (0.6)

  95% CI

.08 ~ .17

.15 ~ .27

.16 ~ .26

  1. 1 Less consumption: The amount of ABC consumption was never or less or quit more than one year.
  2. 2Regular consumption: The amount of ABC consumption was more than recommended by medical experts.
  3. 3 Self-perceived economic status.
  4. 4 Often: regular physical activity at least 30 minutes per day or 150 minutes a week.
  5. 5 Regular: dental check up/per half year, which coverage by National Health Insurance.
  6. 6 Mean frequency of tooth brush per day and 95% confidence interval.
  7. * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001.
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BMC Public Health

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