Work stress and depressive symptoms in older employees: impact of national labour and social policies

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Associations of work stress with risk of elevated depressive symptoms at follow up: results of multilevel estimates (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)

	Incident depressive symptoms (assessed in 2006) (N = 5650)
		Effort-reward imbalance	Low work control
Fixed parameters
Effort-reward Imbalance	Yes	1.55 (1.27-1.89)
	No(Ref.)
Low work control	Yes		1.46 (1.19-1.79)
	No(Ref.)
Sex	Female	2.01 (1.63-2.48)	2.00 (1.63-2.47)
	Male (Ref.)
Age group (2004)	50-54 years	1.49 (1.11-2.00)	1.50 (1.11-2.01)
	55-59 years	1.30 (0.96-1.75)	1.31 (0.97-1.76)
	60-64 years (Ref.)
Income	Low	1.50 (1.15-1.95)	1.48 (1.14-1.93)
	Medium	1.35 (1.08-1.69)	1.35 (1.08-1.69)
	High (Ref.)
Education	Low	1.13 (0.87-1.47)	1.09 (0.84-1.43)
	Medium	1.11 (0.87-1.40)	1.09 (0.86-1.38)
	High (Ref.)
Employment status	Employed	1.04 (0.79-1.37)	1.00 (0.76-1.31)
	Self-employed (Ref.)
Work time	Full-time	0.99 (0.79-1.25)	1.05 (0.84-1.32)
	Part-time (Ref.)
Heart disease	Yes	1.29 (0.88-1.90)	1.31 (0.89-1.92)
	No (Ref.)
High blood pressure	Yes	1.05 (0.84-1.32)	1.04 (0.83-1.30)
	No (Ref.)
Stroke	Yes	2.73 (1.32-5.67)	2.76 (1.33-5.72)
	No (Ref.)
Diabetes	Yes	1.41 (0.94-2.11)	1.41 (0.94-2.11)
	No (Ref.)
≥1 Limitation in activities of daily living	Yes	1.88 (1.19-2.96)	1.94 (1.23-3.05)
	No (Ref.)
Random parameters
Sigma u		0.46 (0.28-0.76)	0.46 (0.28-0.76)
Rho		0.06	0.06
Log likelihood		−1558.22	−1560.86
BIC		3263.31	3268.58
AIC		3150.44	3155.71

ISSN: 1471-2458