Table 2 Demographic and baseline characteristics of the experimental and control groups ( N = 142)
n(%) | χ 2 | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental (n = 72) | Control (n = 70) | |||
Gender of parent | ||||
Male | 8 (11.1) | 10 (14.3) | 0.10 | 0.75 ns |
Female | 64 (88.9) | 60 (85.7) | ||
Age range for parents | ||||
20-29 | 7 (9.7) | 8 (11.4) | 5.44 | 0.14 ns |
30-39 | 46 (63.9) | 34 (48.6) | ||
40-49 | 14 (19.5) | 25 (35.7) | ||
50 or above | 5 (6.9) | 3 (4.3) | ||
Parents’ education attainment | ||||
No formal education | 3 (4.2) | 2 (2.9) | 0.60 | 0.96 ns |
Primary | 4 (5.6) | 5 (7.1) | ||
Lower secondary | 26 (36.1) | 23 (32.9) | ||
Upper secondary | 32 (44.4) | 34 (48.5) | ||
Tertiary | 7 (9.7) | 6 (8.6) | ||
M (SD) | t | p | ||
Harsh parenting | 35.61 (7.62) | 35.44 (7.40) | 0.13 | 0.89 ns |
Parent–child relationship | 8.31 (1.31) | 8.31 (1.20) | −0.04 | 0.96 ns |
Parental stress | 67.54 (6.34) | 66.31 (6.23) | 1.17 | 0.25 ns |