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Table 1 Breast cancer stage at diagnosis for women 40-64 yrs., in 1990 and 2000 by individual and community characteristics 1

From: Neighborhood socio-economic disadvantage and race/ethnicity as predictors of breast cancer stage at diagnosis

     

Percent difference between

 

1990

 

2000

 

1990 & 20002

Overall

N

In situ

Local

Regional

Distant

 

N

In situ

Local

Regional

Distant

 

In situ

Local

Regional

Distant

difference

 

%

%

%

%

p-value3

 

%

%

%

%

p-value4

%

%

%

%

p-value5

Total

7619

16.1

36.2

43.4

4.3

 

11967

19.7

36.2

40.9

3.2

 

3.6**

0.0

−2.5**

−1.1**

<0.0001

INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS

            

Age

                 

  40–49

2789

18.3

31.1

46.4

4.2

<0.0001

4080

20.8

31.3

45.2

2.7

<0.0001

2.5*

0.2

−1.2

−1.5**

0.0012

  50–64

4830

14.8

39.1

41.7

4.4

 

7887

19.1

38.8

38.7

3.4

 

4.3**

−0.3

−3.0**

−1.0**

<0.0001

Race/ethnicity

                 

  White

5779

16.7

37.7

41.8

3.8

<0.0001

8323

19.9

38.6

38.6

2.9

<0.0001

3.2**

0.9

−3.2**

−0.9**

<0.0001

  Black

460

13.3

26.3

52.4

8.0

 

767

17.5

28.3

49.3

4.9

 

4.0

2.4

−3.2

−3.2*

0.0342

  Hispanic

840

15.3

31.8

48.0

4.9

 

1591

17.1

29.1

49.5

4.3

 

1.7

−2.7

1.5

−0.5

0.4016

  Asian/Pacific Islanders

540

13.3

35.2

46.1

5.4

 

1286

22.8

34.5

40.4

2.3

 

9.5**

−0.7

−5.7*

−3.1**

<0.0001

Marital status 6

                 

  Single

776

17.1

31.7

46.5

4.7

<0.0001

1798

17.6

35.6

42.3

4.5

<0.0001

0.5

3.9

−4.2*

−0.2

0.1955

  Married/Separated

5159

16.6

37.6

42.3

3.5

 

7901

20.4

36.8

40.3

2.5

 

3.8**

−0.8

−2.0*

−1.0**

<0.0001

  Widowed/Divorced

1549

12.9

34.7

46.0

6.4

 

1969

17.9

35.7

41.7

4.7

 

5.0**

1.0

−4.3*

−1.7*

<0.0001

COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS

            

Zip code income level 7

                 

  ≤ 16.0% (Less poverty)

2217

19.0

37.4

40.4

3.2

<0.0001

3655

21.3

39.7

36.8

2.2

<0.0001

2.3*

2.3

−3.6**

−1.0*

0.0013

  16.1%–28.2%

2055

15.8

38.8

41.7

3.7

 

3299

19.4

37.5

40.4

2.7

 

3.6**

−1.3

−1.3

−1.0

0.0026

  28.3%–42.1%

1744

15.3

36.6

43.8

4.3

 

2740

20.4

34.3

41.4

3.9

 

5.1**

−2.3

−2.4

−0.4

0.0003

  ≥ 42.2% (More poverty)

1603

13.4

30.7

49.4

6.5

 

2273

16.5

31.4

47.7

4.4

 

3.1**

0.7

−1.7

−2.1**

0.0023

Zip code education level 8

                 

  ≤ 9.5% (More educated)

2058

19.4

37.6

39.9

3.1

<0.0001

3291

21.6

39.2

37.0

2.2

<0.0001

2.2*

1.6

−3.0*

−0.8**

0.0163

  9.6%–17.4%

2122

16.3

38.1

41.5

4.1

 

3483

19.9

37.6

39.7

2.8

 

3.6**

−0.5

−1.8

−1.3*

0.0008

  17.5%–29.8%

1832

14.8

36.5

44.7

4.0

 

2859

19.3

35.5

41.6

3.6

 

4.5**

−1.0

−3.1*

−0.4

0.0011

  ≥ 29.9% (Less educated)

1607

13.1

31.5

49.0

6.4

 

2334

17.2

31.0

47.4

4.4

 

4.1**

−0.5

−1.7

−1.9**

0.0005

  1. 1These results were obtained using data from the California Cancer Registry and the U.S. Census. Only individuals residing in zip code areas that reported diagnoses in both 1990 and 2000 and had complete data for federal poverty level (FPL) and education in the 2000 U.S. Census (n = 1,011 zip code areas) were reported.
  2. 2Based on t-tests across breast cancer stage at diagnosis categories.
  3. 3Chi-square test of the difference between stages by variable category in 1990.
  4. 4Chi-square test of the difference between stages by variable category in 2000.
  5. 5Chi-square test of the overall difference between stages by variable category from 1990 to 2000.
  6. 6Total n-size for marital status in 1990 and 2000 is n = 7,484 and n = 11,668, respectively.
  7. 7Income quartiles, which represent the percentage of residents living below the 200% FPL, were derived from the 2000 U.S. Census sample estimates.
  8. 8Education quartiles, which represent the percentage of residents with less than a high school education, were derived from the 2000 U.S. Census sample estimates.
  9. *p-value < 0.05.
  10. **p-value < 0.01.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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