Table 3 Health insurance, consultation/prepayment fees and private provider fees

Health insurance costs

Aspler, et al. [41]

Zambia

2

0.43

2

67% of patients reported paying median health insurance user fees (IQR I$1.79- I$1.97)

Needham, et al. [59]

Zambia

3

0.69

3^a

Mean monthly fees for government-sponsored health insurance (range I$2-I$3)

Consultation/prepayment fees

Aspler, et al. [41]

Zambia

4

0.78

4

Median one time consultation fee (IQR I$4- I$7)

Mesfin, et al. [55]

Ethiopia

2

0.93

2

Mean consultation fees per visit (median I$0)

Needham, et al. [58]

Zambia

7

2

10

Mean one-time consultation fees (median I$8)

Steen and Masonde [30]

Botswana

2

0.06

0.43^b

One-time prepayment outpatient fee

Private provider fees

Chard, S. [47]

Uganda

141

47

154^c

Private clinic treatment costs

Harper, et al. [53]

The Gambia

44

11

54^d

Costs spent on private treatment

Needham, et al. [58]

Zambia

24

6

35

Mean costs to see a private physician (median I$15)

Wyss, et al. [68]

Tanzania

38

12

29^e

Unit cost for private services