From: Work stress, life stress, and smoking among rural–urban migrant workers in China
Group | N | Number of smokers | % | X2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
City worked | 0.52 | 0.469 | |||
Guangzhou | 764 | 528 | 63.4 | ||
Hangzhou | 831 | 502 | 65.9 | ||
Age (years) | 20.47 | 0.001 | |||
<20 | 96 | 49 | 52.0 | ||
20-24 | 407 | 236 | 58.5 | ||
25-29 | 408 | 257 | 62.6 | ||
30-34 | 366 | 253 | 69.8 | ||
35-39 | 168 | 122 | 74.4 | ||
40+ | 150 | 113 | 74.3 | ||
Education | 7.68 | 0.053 | |||
elementary school or less | 177 | 132 | 75.3 | ||
junior high school | 831 | 522 | 62.4 | ||
high school | 413 | 271 | 66.9 | ||
college or more | 174 | 105 | 62.2 | ||
Region of origin (based on Chinese administrative regions) | 9.96 | 0.208 | |||
North | 98 | 59 | 60.9 | ||
Southwest | 363 | 225 | 62.1 | ||
South | 376 | 254 | 68.2 | ||
Middle East | 269 | 186 | 70.2 | ||
Southeast | 489 | 306 | 61.9 | ||
Marital status | 12.70 | 0.002 | |||
never married | 504 | 285 | 57.2 | ||
married | 1051 | 719 | 68.6 | ||
widowed/divorced | 40 | 26 | 64.2 | ||
Occupation | 38.24 | 0.001 | |||
construction | 754 | 574 | 72.4 | ||
machinery and transportation | 402 | 220 | 53.4 | ||
textiles, electronics, and services | 288 | 172 | 61.1 | ||
business | 126 | 83 | 65.2 | ||
other | 25 | 8 | 36.4 | ||
Annual household income (in Yuan) | |||||
<2000 | 386 | 266 | 60.7 | 5.09 | 0.079 |
2000-3999 | 482 | 336 | 72.1 | ||
4000+ | 602 | 428 | 66.6 | ||
Length of stay in city each year (months) | 6.78 | 0.034 | |||
<5 | 339 | 223 | 65.7 | ||
5-8 | 238 | 169 | 78.6 | ||
≥9 | 1018 | 638 | 62.8 | ||
Period of living with wife in migration period – the married only (months) | 0.33 | 0.849 | |||
<4 | 560 | 396 | 70.1 | ||
4-5 | 145 | 97 | 58.3 | ||
> = 6 | 346 | 226 | 68.2 | ||
Number of proximal friends in migration period | 14.38 | 0.001 | |||
<4 | 551 | 319 | 57.6 | ||
4-5 | 458 | 321 | 70.3 | ||
> = 6 | 586 | 390 | 67.6 | ||
Life stress | 4.28 | 0.039 | |||
low | 1284 | 811 | 63.4 | ||
high | 311 | 219 | 71.0 | ||
Work stress | 5.93 | 0.015 | |||
low | 1250 | 786 | 63.5 | ||
high | 345 | 244 | 71.7 |