Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for associations of physical IPV and all covariates with use of reproductive health service for currently married women: 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (n=2001)

Maternal age, years

15-24

1.00

1.00

1.00

25-34

1.50 (0.99-2.28)

1.12 (0.81-1.55)

2.07 (1.22-3.49)^b

35-49

2.45 (1.23-4.88)^c

0.98 (0.59-1.61)

4.08 (1.95-8.54)^a

Maternal education

No education

1.00

1.00

1.00

Primary

1.35 (0.76-2.40)

1.44 (1.01-2.05)^c

2.33 (1.03-5.27)^c

Secondary and higher

3.0 (1.71-5.26)^a

2.52 (1.69-3.76)^a

5.40 (2.45-11.87)^a

Husband’s education

No education

1.00

1.00

1.00

Primary

1.13 (0.71-1.80)

0.98 (0.70-1.38)

0.83 (0.47-1.46)

Secondary and higher

1.56 (1.03-2.36)^c

1.42 (1.00-2.04)^c

1.80 (1.05-3.08)^c

Maternal decision-making autonomy, no. of aspects^a

0

1.00

1.00

1.00

1

2.09 (0.79-5.51)

2.03 (1.06-3.90)^c

1.05 (0.45-2.47)

2

2.86 (1.17-7.00)^c

1.32 (0.69-2.52)

0.47 (0.20-1.07)

3

2.94 (1.22-7.07)^c

1.51 (0.83-2.73)

0.89 (0.41-1.94)

4

2.22 (0.98-5.04)

1.95 (1.12-3.39)^c

0.70 (0.35-1.41)

5

3.12 (1.50-6.50)^b

1.62 (1.02-2.58)^c

0.71 (0.37-1.36)

Respondent employed

No

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

1.07 (0.71-1.60)

1.03 (0.75-1.41)

1.07 (0.70-1.64)

Area of residence

Rural

1.00

1.00

1.00

Urban

2.18 (1.51-3.14)^a

1.61 (1.14-2.26)^b

1.88 (1.18-3.01)^b

Religion

Non-Muslim

1.00

1.00

1.00

Muslim

0.58 (0.31-1.08)

0.61 (0.38-0.98)^c

0.60 (0.35-1.02)

No. o f household members (tertiles)

2-4

1.00

1.00

1.00

5-6

1.32 (0.90-1.93)

0.93 (0.68-1.26)

0.90 (0.57-1.42)

≥7

1.21 (0.80-1.82)

0.95 (0.67-1.34)

0.62 (0.38-1.00)

Wealth index category

Poor

1.00

1.00

1.00

Middle

0.89 (0.52-1.53)

1.12 (0.79-1.60)

0.43 (0.55-1.61)

Rich

1.62 (1.01-2.64)^c

1.98 (1.34-2.91)^b

1.27 (1.13-2.88)^c

Frequency of mass media exposure

Not at all

1.00

1.00

1.00

Irregularly

1.11 (0.69-1.79)

1.14 (0.82-1.58)

0.81 (0.46-1.40)

Regularly

1.52 (1.00-2.29)^c

1.77 (1.22-2.57)^b

1.80 (1.00-3.29)^c

Parity, no

1

1.00

1.00

1.00

2

0.61 (0.39-0.93)^c

0.70 (0.48-1.00)c

0.63 (0.38-1.06)

≥3

0.31 (0.18-0.55)^a

0.59 (0.37-0.94)^c

0.23 (0.12-0.42)^a

Pregnancy intention ^b

Unintended

1.00

1.00

1.00

Intended

1.27 (0.88-1.81)

1.15 (0.85-1.56)

0.75 (0.49-1.13)

Sufficient ANC visit

No

---

---

1.00

Yes

4.47 (3.08 -6.47)^a

Physical IPV

No

1.00

1.00

1.00

Yes

0.68 (0.49-0.93)^c

0.69 (0.53-0.89)^b

0.54 (0.37-0.78)^b