Table 3 Selected indicators and targets for NCD prevention and control in national health policies/plan and in NCD specific plans: Poor alignment and poor selection of indicators

Cambodia

Reduce between baseline (2005-08) and 2015,

Sample indicators to monitor progress mentioned, but no targets specified.

■ Average baseline given for 2005-2008 ([13]; data from existing literature summarized in NCD-specific plan

■ the adults smoking prevalence% (male/female) from 54/9 to 44/2

■ Proposes monitoring through national STEP surveys

■ Incidence of hypertension per 1000 population from 20 to 15

■ Prevalence of adults with diabetes reported from public facilities from 2 to <2

■ Incidence of cervical cancer per 10,000 population reported from public facilities from 25 to 12.5 [13]

Fiji [[14],[15]]

By 2015, reduce prevalence of

By 2014, reduce prevalence of

■ Baseline from National NCD STEPS Survey 2002, no progress reported from prior National NCD Strategic Plan 2004-2008

■ Diabetes (25-64 yr) from 16% to 14%

■ Diabetes by 5%

■ Proposes monitoring through National NCD STEPS Survey and National Nutrition Survey.

■ Alcohol related injuries to less than 5%

■ Common risk factors by 5%

■ No periodicity/monitoring agency defined.

■ moderate physical activity by 5%

■ Intermediate risk factors by 5%

■ fruing/vegetable intake (Adults) by 5%

■ Major NCDs by 5%

■ Current smoking (15-65yrs) from 37% to 33%

■ Tobacco use: 10% from baseline

■ reduce obesity by 6.2%

■ Improve nutrition: No target

■ Increase HPV vaccine coverage by 5%

■ Alcohol related harm: No target

■ Cardiovascular diseases by 5%

■ Improve national NCD status by 5%

Malaysia [[16],[17]]

■ Indicators are listed as prevalence of Ischemic heart disease, mental illness, CVD, Diabetes, cancer and chronic obstructive respiratory disease but with no specific targets.

By 2016, Reduce Prevalence of

■ Baseline Data from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006

■ Diabetes from 11.6 to <13.6%

■ Proposes monitoring through Behavioural Surveillance Survey, NCD Risk Factor Surveillance

■ Obesity from 26.2% to <33.7%

■ Periodicity/Monitoring agencies identified

■ Healthy Eating – no target given

■ No past progress reported

■ Physical Activity – no target given

Mongolia[18, 19]

Between 2010 and 2015, Reduce prevalence of

Between 2009 and 2013, Reduce prevalence of

■ Some baseline data given from 2004-2005

■ Daily Smoking from 37% to 31%

■ Smoking from 23.4% to 20.4%

■ Mechanism to collect data and its periodicity not defined

■ Daily salt intake (gm/day) from 13g to 12g

■ Daily salt intake (gm/day) from 9.6 to 9.1

■ No achievements or rate of progress described in the immediate past to inform the current target setting

■ Increase the percentage of adult population that reduce alcohol intake to 2-3 std /wk from 30% to 40%

■ Alcohol use among population (last month) from 29% to 27%

■ Increase population doing fitness activities at least 3 times/wk from 20% to 25%

■ Increase in population with active life-style on regular basis with minimum of 30 minutes from 18.4% to 23.4%

Philippines[20, 22]

Between 2006 & 2010, reduce prevalence% of

This is an operation manual. Indicators to be monitored are outlined but no quantified national targets for these indicators are given

Some baseline data 2000/2003

■ Obesity from 4.3 to 3

Proposes Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System including Adult

■ Smoking from 34.8 to <34.8

National Nutrition and Health Survey to monitor the progress.

■ Alcohol from 46 to <46

No reporting of past progress

■ Inactivity from 60.5% to 50.8%

By 2010, reduce mortality rates (per 100 000) to less than the baseline level in 2006 for

■ CVD < 79.1

■ COPD<63.2

■ Diabetes <20.8

■ Cancer <47.7 [22]