From: The high burden of infant deaths in rural Burkina Faso: a prospective community-based cohort study
Exposure variables | 0 to 6 months (1st half of infancy) | 1-12 months (postneonatal period) | 0 to 12 months (overall infancy) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PYO | No of deaths | MRsa | HRb | PYO | No of deaths | MRsa | HRb | PYO | No of deaths | MRsa | HRb | |
[95% CI] | [95% CI] | [95% CI] | ||||||||||
Area of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Banfora | 198.3 | 43 | 217 | 1.7 [0.8-3.5] | 356.3 | 29 | 81 | 1.1 [0.5-2.5] | 387.7 | 56 | 144 | 1.6 [0.8-2.9] |
 ▪ Soubakenedougou | 102.1 | 13 | 127 | 1 | 183.9 | 13 | 70 | 1 | 200.0 | 18 | 90 | 1 |
 ▪ Sideradougou | 106.6 | 19 | 178 | 1.4 [0.7-2.8] | 191.6 | 16 | 83 | 1.2 [0.6-2.4] | 208.6 | 24 | 115 | 1.3 [0.7-2.3] |
Distance to nearest health facility | ||||||||||||
 ▪ ≤5 km | 192.9 | 44 | 228 | 1.5 [0.9-2.7] | 346.7 | 28 | 81 | 1.0 [0.6-1.7] | 377.5 | 55 | 146 | 1.4 [0.9-2.2] |
 ▪ >5 km | 214. | 31 | 145 | 1 | 385.2 | 30 | 79 | 1 | 418.8 | 43 | 103 | 1 |
Maternal age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ <20 | 61.9 | 12 | 193 | 1.6 [0.5-5.2] | 111.8 | 9 | 80 | 3.1 [0.6-15.0] | 121.6 | 17 | 140 | 1.9 [0.6-6.5] |
 ▪ 20-35 | 302.4 | 58 | 192 | 1 | 542.6 | 47 | 87 | 1 | 590.6 | 75 | 127 | 1 |
 ▪ >35 | 42.6 | 5 | 11 | 1.6 [0.6-4.1 | 77.4 | 2 | 26 | 3.3 [1.0-11.2] | 84.1 | 6 | 71 | 1.7 [0.7-4.4] |
Maternal parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ 0 | 63.8 | 15 | 235 | 1.4 [0.6-3.2] | 115.0 | 10 | 87 | 1.0 [0.4-2.3] | 125.2 | 19 | 152 | 1.3 [0.6-2.8] |
 ▪ 1 | 65.9 | 13 | 197 | 1.2 [0.5-2.9] | 118.8 | 11 | 51 | 1.1. [0.4 2.9] | 129.2 | 17 | 131 | 1.1 [0.5-2.6] |
 ▪ 2-4 | 193.1 | 31 | 160 | 1.2 [0.6-2.1 | 346.3 | 29 | 58 | 1 | 376.9 | 43 | 114 | 1 |
 ▪ 5+ | 84.0 | 16 | 190 | 1 | 151.8 | 8 | 26 | 0.6 [0.3-1.3] | 165.0 | 19 | 115 | 1.0 [0.6-1.7] |
History of child deathc | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Yes | 201.1 | 40 | 199 | 1.4 [0.8-2.3] | 359.6 | 35 | 97 | 1.8 [0.8-4.2] | 391.5 | 54 | 138 | 1.5 [1.0-2.3] |
 ▪ No | 142.0 | 20 | 141 | 1 | 257.3 | 13 | 50 | 1 | 279.5 | 25 | 89 | 1 |
Polygynous household | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Yes | 194.3 | 47 | 242 | 1.8 [1.0-3.3] | 345.6 | 37 | 107 | 1.9 [0.9-4.1] | 376.7 | 61 | 162 | 1.8 [1.0-3.3] |
 ▪ No | 212.6 | 28 | 131 | 1 | 386.3 | 21 | 54 | 1 | 419.6 | 37 | 88 | 1 |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ None | 326.8 | 61 | 187 | 1.5 [0.7-3.3] | 586.5 | 49 | 83 | 3.8 [0.5-27.0] | 638.4 | 78 | 122 | 2.0 [0.9-4.3] |
 ▪ Literacy/primary school | 55.2 | 11 | 199 | 1.6 [0.6-4.6]1 | 99.8 | 8 | 80 | 3.6 [0.4-32.0] | 108.5 | 17 | 157 | 2.5 [1.0-6.4] |
 ▪ Secondary school | 24.9 | 3 | 120 | 1 | 45.5 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 49.4 | 3 | 61 | 1 |
Socio-economic statusd | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Q1 (most poor) | 86.6 | 13 | 150 | 1 | 157.4 | 8 | 51 | 1 | 171.1 | 17 | 99 | 1 |
 ▪ Q2 | 73.5 | 21 | 286 | 1.9 [0.8-4.6] | 131.2 | 12 | 91 | 1.8 [0.7-4.5] | 142.9 | 26 | 182 | 1.8 [0.8-4.1] |
 ▪ Q3 | 83.8 | 16 | 191 | 1.3 [0.6-2.7] | 150.1 | 13 | 87 | 1.7 [0.7-4.2] | 163.5 | 21 | 128 | 1.3 [0.7-2.4] |
 ▪ Q4 | 83.5 | 11 | 132 | 0.9 [0.4-2.1] | 151.6 | 8 | 53 | 1.0 [0.3-3.5] | 164.5 | 14 | 85 | 0.8 [0.4-1.9] |
 ▪Q5 (less poor) | 79.5 | 14 | 176 | 1.2 [0.6-2.3] | 141.5 | 17 | 120 | 2.3 [1.1-4.9] | 154.2 | 20 | 130 | 1.3 [08–2.0] |
Mother sleeps under bednet | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Yes | 156.7 | 25 | 159 | 1 | 284.1 | 16 | 56 | 1 | 308.7 | 32 | 103 | 1 |
 ▪ No | 250.2 | 50 | 200 | 1.2 [0.6-2.5] | 447.8 | 42 | 94 | 1.6 [1.0-2.8] | 487.6 | 66 | 135 | 1.3 [0.7-2.2] |
Antenatal care visit | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 · 0 | 112.2 | 20 | 178 | 1.2 [0.5-2.7] | 203.1 | 13 | 64 | 0.9 [0.4-1.7] | 221.0 | 25 | 113 | 1.1 [0.6-2.0] |
 · 1-2 | 218.2 | 44 | 201 | 1.4 [0.7-2.7] | 390.5 | 35 | 89 | 1.2 [0.7-2.1] | 425.1 | 58 | 136 | 1.3 [0.8-2.2] |
 · >2 | 76.5 | 11 | 144 | 1 | 138.2 | 10 | 72 | 1 | 150.2 | 15 | 100 | 1 |
Birth attendant | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Health personnel | 154.2 | 28 | 181 | 1 | 275.4 | 31 | 112 | 1 | 299.7 | 41 | 137 | 1 |
 ▪ TBA/family/other | 252.7 | 47 | 186 | 1.0 [0.7-1.5] | 456.5 | 27 | 59 | 0.5 [0.3-8] | 496.6 | 57 | 115 | 0.8 [0.6-1.2] |
Season of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Dry season (Nov-Apr) | 189.1 | 40 | 211 | 1.3 [0.9-2.0] | 339.7 | 26 | 76 | 0.9 [0.6-1.3] | 369.6 | 50 | 135 | 1.2 [0.8-1.7] |
 ▪ Rainy season (May-Oct) | 217.8 | 35 | 160 | 1 | 392.2 | 32 | 81 | 1 | 426.7 | 48 | 112 | 1 |
Sex of newborn | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Girl | 201.7 | 32 | 158 | 1 | 362.8 | 29 | 80 | 1 | 394.6 | 48 | 121 | 1 |
 ▪ Boy | 205.2 | 43 | 209 | 1.3 [0.8-2.1] | 369.0 | 29 | 78 | 1.0 [0.6-1.6] | 401.7 | 50 | 124 | 1.0 [0.7-1.5] |
Twin births | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ▪ Yes | 13.3 | 18 | 1349 | 8.3 [4.8-14.5] | 21.5 | 10 | 465 | 6.7 [3.12.7] | 24.0 | 21 | 876 | 7.7 [4.6-12.8] |
 ▪ No | 393.6 | 57 | 145 | 1 | 710.4 | 48 | 67 | 1 | 772.3 | 77 | 100 | 1 |
Low anthropometric z-scores at week-3e | ||||||||||||
 · Yes | 101.9 | 18 | 177 | 4.0 [1.5-10.5] | 180.3 | 25 | 138 | 3.2 [1.8-5.7] | 196.5 | 27 | 137 | 3.2 [1.8-5.9] |
 · No | 253.1 | 11 | 43 | 1 | 461.0 | 20 | 43 | 1 | 500.2 | 21 | 42 | 1 |